1 Jamvu-khanda Nirmana 10 39.9 33:15
1 Janamejaya asked Vaisampayana to describe the battle between the Kurus, Pandavas, and Somakas. Vaisampayana began by describing how the Pandavas, led by Yudhishthira, advanced towards the Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, on the plain of Kurukshetra. The two armies faced each other, with the Pandavas stationed on the western side and the Kauravas on the eastern side. Yudhishthira set up thousands of tents beyond the region of Samantapanchaka and provided food and entertainment for his troops. He also assigned watchwords, names, and badges to identify his soldiers during the battle. Duryodhana, surrounded by his brothers and a thousand elephants, began to array his troops against the Pandavas. The Panchalas, led by Dhrishtadyumna, blew their conches and cymbals, filling the Pandavas with joy. Vasudeva and Dhananjaya, seated on the same chariot, blew their celestial conches, causing a frightful dust to arise and a shower of flesh and blood to pour down. Despite the chaos, both armies stood ready for battle, like two agitated oceans. The rules of combat were settled, including the agreement to fight fairly, spare those who withdraw, and not strike the unprepared or panic-struck. With these covenants in place, the battle began.
2 Vyasa, the wise and all-knowing sage, approached King Dhritarashtra, who was overcome with grief and worry about the impending battle between his sons and the Pandavas. Vyasa offered to grant the king the power to see the battle, but Dhritarashtra declined, saying he would rather hear about it from Sanjaya, his charioteer. Vyasa granted Sanjaya celestial vision and the ability to know everything that would happen in the battle. Sanjaya would be able to see and describe the battle in detail, even though he would not be physically present. Vyasa then warned Dhritarashtra of the great slaughter that would take place and the many omens that foretold the terror of the battle. He described the strange behavior of animals and the unusual movements of the planets and stars. The king was filled with fear and anxiety, but Vyasa reassured him that this was the will of fate and could not be prevented. The battle would bring great destruction, but ultimately, righteousness would prevail. Vyasa's words were filled with a sense of sadness and resignation, as if he knew that the fate of the Kurus and the Pandavas was already sealed. He had seen the future and knew that the battle would bring great sorrow and devastation. Yet, he also knew that it was necessary for the triumph of good over evil.
3 Vyasa warned Dhritarashtra of impending doom, describing various omens and portents that foretold the destruction of the Kurus. He urged the king to restrain his sons and follow the path of righteousness, but Dhritarashtra was resigned to fate. Vyasa then described the signs of victory in battle, including: - Cheerful warriors with un dampened energies and unfaded garlands - Favorable winds and birds - Auspicious objects of sight and sound - Successful armies that are small but resplendent - Heroes who utter cheerful shouts and forewarn their foes - Combatants who are joyful and unafraid. He emphasized that success can be achieved through: - Negotiation - Producing disunion among the foe - Battle (though this is the worst option). Vyasa cautioned that battle brings many evils, including slaughter, and that victory is uncertain, depending on chance. Even victorious armies suffer losses. He stressed that a small group of brave and united warriors can triumph over a large army, and that true strength lies in unity and determination, not numbers.
4 Sanjaya elaborated on the merits of earth to Dhritarashtra, providing a detailed classification of creatures. He explained that mobile creatures are born in three ways: oviparous (from eggs), viviparous (from womb), and engendered by heat and damp (such as insects). He listed fourteen species of animals, categorizing seven as domestic (including men, cattle, goats, sheep, horses, mules, and asses) and seven as wild (including lions, tigers, boars, buffaloes, elephants, bears, and apes). Sanjaya emphasized the interconnectedness of all creatures, noting that they rely on each other for survival. He highlighted the earth's role as the source and destination of all life, pointing out that everything originates from the earth and ultimately merges back into it. The earth, he stressed, is the stay and refuge of all creatures and is eternal. Sanjaya's words underscored the significance of the earth, making it clear why kings and rulers are willing to fight and kill to possess it. He implied that the earth's value extends beyond its physical resources, encompassing the entire universe with its diverse population of mobile and immobile creatures. By possessing the earth, one possesses the very foundation of existence.
5 Sanjaya elaborated on the five elements, explaining that they are the building blocks of the universe and that each possesses specific attributes. He noted that the earth, being the foremost element, possesses all five attributes (sound, touch, vision, taste, and scent), while the other elements have fewer attributes, with space having only sound. Sanjaya emphasized that the elements exist separately and independently in a state of homogeneity, but when they combine, creatures spring into life, taking on various forms. He then described the island of Sudarsana, a circular landmass with diverse geographical features, including rivers, mountains, cities, and provinces. The island is surrounded by the salt ocean and is characterized by an abundance of flora and fauna, including trees bearing flowers and fruits, and various crops. Sanjaya likened the island's appearance in the lunar disc to a peepul tree and a hare, with deciduous plants and water making up the rest. Sanjaya's description of the elements and the island of Sudarsana highlighted the intricate and interconnected nature of the universe, emphasizing the idea that all creatures and landforms are composed of the same fundamental elements, and that their unique combinations give rise to the diverse forms and features of the world.
6 Sanjaya elaborated on the geography of the world, describing six majestic mountains: Himavat, Hemakuta, Nishadha, Nila, Sweta, and Sringavat. He explained that these mountains stretch from east to west, with each mountain separated by a distance of 1,000 Yojanas. Between these mountains lie the Varshas, divisions of the earth, including Bharata, Harivarsha, and Ketumala. Sanjaya also described the islands, including Jamvudwipa, which has the shape of a hare and is divided into various provinces. At the center of this geography stands the magnificent Meru, a golden mountain surrounded by four islands. Meru is the resort of Siddhas and Charanas and is adorned with celestial fruits and flowers. The mountain is 84,000 Yojanas high and has a depth of 84,000 Yojanas, supporting the worlds above, below, and transversely. Sanjaya described the beauty and splendor of Meru, the celestial Ganga, and the various creatures that inhabit the different regions. He also mentioned the presence of celestials, Gandharvas, Asuras, and Rakshasas in different areas. The celestials, led by Brahma, Rudra, and Sakra, perform sacrifices on Meru, while the Gandharvas and Apsaras sport in the forests. The Asuras and Rakshasas reside in various mountains, and the Siddhas and Charanas inhabit the different Varshas. Finally, Sanjaya described the two Varshas at the extremities of the region, and the two islands Naga-dwipa and Kasyapa-dwipa, which form the ears of the hare-shaped region. He concluded by stating that this geography is the delight of the celestial and the terrestrial, and that it is the very essence of the universe.
7 Sanjaya vividly described the regions to the north and east of Meru, painting a picture of a land of wonders. In the Northern Kurus, the Siddhas reside, surrounded by trees that bear sweet fruits and flowers that bloom eternally. The land is filled with the fragrance of flowers, and the fruits are as delicious as Amrita. Some trees even yield milk and cloth, and their fruits contain ornaments. The people born there are of pure birth, handsome, and long-lived, with twins of opposite sexes being born together. They drink the milk of the trees and live for ten thousand years, free from illness and sorrow. In the land of Bhadraswa, Sanjaya described a forest of Bhadra-salas and a massive tree called Kalamra, which is always laden with fruits and flowers. The people there are strong and energetic, with white skin and lily-white complexions. They are skilled in singing and dancing and live for ten thousand years, drinking the juice of the Kalamra tree to remain youthful forever. Sanjaya also spoke of the Jamvu tree, which grants wishes and produces a silvery juice that brings peace of mind. The tree is eternal and stands tall, its fruits bursting with a loud noise when ripe. The juice flows like a river, passing around Meru and bringing nourishment to the land. Finally, Sanjaya described the fire Samvataka on Malyavat's summit, which blazes forth at the end of the Yuga to destroy the universe. The men born in these regions are utterers of Brahma, with complexions ranging from white to golden. They are accomplished in singing and dancing and undergo severe ascetic austerities, eventually entering the sun to protect creatures. Sanjaya's description of these lands is a testament to the wonders that lie beyond the mortal realm.
8 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to name all the Varshas, mountains, and their inhabitants, seeking knowledge about the vast and wondrous world beyond his realm. Sanjaya obliged, describing various Varshas, each with its unique characteristics and inhabitants. Romanaka, he said, was home to people with white complexions, good parentage, and handsome features, living for 11,500 years with cheerful hearts. Hiranmaya, on the other hand, was inhabited by followers of the Yakshas, wealthy and strong, with Garuda, the foremost of birds, residing there. The people of Hiranmaya lived for 12,500 years, enjoying a life of prosperity. Sanjaya continued, describing the mountains of Sringavat, with three beautiful summits, one made of jewels and gems, another adorned with palatial mansions, and the third, the abode of the self-luminous lady Sandili. The Varsha called Airavata, he said, was superior to all, with inhabitants possessing the radiance and complexion of the lotus, living for 13,000 years without decay or sorrow. Finally, Sanjaya spoke of the Lord Hari, who dwells on a golden car with eight wheels, possessing unlimited puissance and prosperity. Hari, he said, is the creator, actor, and destroyer of the universe, known as Vaikuntha or Vishnu, the actor who makes all others act. Dhritarashtra, reflecting on Sanjaya's words, realized that Time destroys and creates everything, and nothing is eternal. He understood that the universe is under the control of a higher power, and that all creatures, including his own sons, are subject to the whims of fate.
9 Sanjaya describes the land of Bharata, beloved of Indra and Manu, and inhabited by various Kshatriyas and other races. He lists numerous mountains, including Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Suktimat, Rakshavat, Vindhya, and Paripatra, and rivers, including Ganga, Sindhu, Saraswati, Godavari, Narmada, Yamuna, and Krishna. He also mentions various provinces, including the Kuru-Panchalas, Salwas, Madreyas, Jangalas, Surasena, Kalingas, Vodhas, Malas, Matsyas, Sauvalyas, Kuntalas, Kasi-kosalas, Chedis, Karushas, Bhojas, Sindhus, Pulindakas, Uttamas, Dasarnas, Mekalas, Utkalas, Panchalas, Kausijas, Nikarprishthas, Dhurandharas, Sodhas, Madrabhujingas, Kasis, and further-Kasis. Sanjaya also describes the kingdoms of the south, including the Dravidas, Keralas, Prachyas, Mushikas, Karanatakas, Mahishakas, Vikalpas, Mushakas, Jhillikas, Kuntalas, Saunridas, Nalakananas, Kankutakas, Cholas, Malavayakas, Samangas, Kanakas, Kukkuras, Angara-marishas, Samangas, Karakas, Kukuras, Angaras, Marishas, Dhwajinis, Utsavas, Sanketas, Trigartas, Salwasena, Vakas, Kokarakas, Pashtris, Lamavegavasas, Vindhyachulakas, Pulindas, Valkalas, Malavas, Vallavas, further-Vallavas, Kulindas, Kalavas, Kuntaukas, Karatas, Mrishakas, Tanavalas, Saniyas, Alidas, Pasivatas, Tanayas, Sulanyas, Rishikas, Vidarbhas, Kakas, Tanganas, and further-Tanganas. Among the tribes of the north, Sanjaya mentions the Mlecchas, Kruras, Yavanas, Chinas, Kamvojas, Darunas, Sukritvahas, Kulatthas, Hunas, Parasikas, Ramanas, Dasamalikas, Sudra-abhiras, Dardas, Kasmiras, Pattis, Khasiras, Atreyas, Bharadwajas, Stanaposhikas, Poshakas, Kalingas, and diverse tribes of Kiratas, Tomaras, Hansamargas, and Karamanjakas. Sanjaya concludes that Earth is the refuge of all creatures and the source of virtue, profit, and pleasure, and that kings strive to possess it by various means, including negotiation, disunion, gift, and battle.
10 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the residents of Bharata, Himavat-varsha, and Hari-varsha, including their lifespan, strength, good and bad qualities, and future. Sanjaya explains the four Yugas (epochs) in Bharata: Krita, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, each with decreasing human lifespans and increasing negative qualities. In Krita, people are born with great strength, wisdom, and virtue, and live for 4,000 years. They have hundreds and thousands of children, and are endowed with great wealth and handsome features. The Munis (sages) born in this age are capable of great exertion, possess high souls, and are virtuous and truthful. In Treta, people live for 3,000 years and are born with agreeable features, able bodies, and great energy. The Kshatriya kings of this age rule from sea to sea and are brave, heroic, and skilled in battle. In Dwapara, people live for 2,000 years and are capable of great exertion, but desire to conquer one another. They are endowed with great energy, but are also prone to jealousy, pride, and anger. In Kali, people have little energy, are highly wrathful, covetous, and untruthful. They are jealous, proud, angry, deceptive, malicious, and covetous. Sanjaya notes that the current age, Dwapara, is nearing its end, and the qualities of Kali are already manifesting. Sanjaya ranks the three Varshas in order of superiority: Haimavatvarsha, Harivarsha, and Bharatavarsha. He describes Haimavatvarsha as superior to Bharatavarsha in all qualities, and Harivarsha as superior to Haimavatvarsha.
2 Bhumi 2 9.7 8:05
11 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the dimensions and extent of Jamvukhanda, Sakadwipa, Kusadwipa, Salmalidwipa, Kraunchadwipa, and the oceans. Sanjaya explains that Jamvukhanda is 18,600 Yojanas in extent, and the salt ocean is twice that size, covering many kingdoms and adorned with gems and corals. Sakadwipa is twice the size of Jamvukhanda, with seven mountains, including Meru, Malaya, Jaladhara, Raivataka, Syama, Durgasaila, and Kesari. Each mountain is double the size of the previous one, and the island has seven Varshas, with many rivers and provinces. Sanjaya describes the people of Sakadwipa as virtuous, with no theft, decrepitude, or death. They are devoted to their occupations, and the four orders - Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras - live in harmony. The island is a place of great beauty and delight, with many sacred rivers, including the Ganges, and provinces, where Siva is worshipped. The people are dark-skinned due to the mountain Syama, which gives the island its name. Sanjaya explains that the island is divided into four sacred provinces - Mrigas, Masakas, Manasas, and Mandagas - each with its own characteristics and occupations. The Mrigas are Brahmanas, the Masakas are Kshatriyas, the Manasas are Vaisyas, and the Mandagas are Sudras. They live in harmony, engaged in their respective duties, and protect one another. There is no king or punishment in Sakadwipa, as the people are governed by the principles of duty and virtue. Sanjaya's description of Sakadwipa is one of a utopian society, where people live in harmony with each other and with nature, and where virtue and duty are the guiding principles. Dhritarashtra listens with wonder and curiosity, asking questions and seeking more information about this fantastical island.
12 Sanjaya elaborates on the islands in the north, describing their unique features and inhabitants. Kusadwipa is home to the mountain Kusa, and the provinces of Audhido, Venumandala, and Suratha. Salmalidwipa has the mountain Salmali, and the provinces of Kamvala, Dhritimat, and Prabhakara. Kraunchadwipa is inhabited by gods and Gandharvas, with the mountain Krauncha, and the provinces of Kusala, Manonuga, and Ushna. Pushkara is a sacred island with the mountain Pushkara, where Prajapati himself resides. The inhabitants of these islands are virtuous, long-lived, and free from disease and decrepitude. They live in harmony with each other and with nature, with no robbers, Mlecchas, or conflicts. The islands are surrounded by oceans, with varying dimensions and characteristics. Sanjaya also describes the heavenly bodies, including Swarbhanu, the Sun, the Moon, and Rahu, with their dimensions, movements, and effects on the universe. Dhritarashtra listens attentively to Sanjaya's description, fascinated by the wonders of the universe. Sanjaya concludes by highlighting the merits of hearing this description, including prosperity, fame, enhanced life, and the gratification of one's ancestors. He encourages Dhritarashtra to pacify his son Duryodhana and embrace the path of righteousness. The king who listens to this description on auspicious days, observing vows and rituals, shall reap the benefits of this ancient wisdom.
     
3 Bhagavat-Gita 112 540.5 7:30
13 Sanjaya, with a heavy heart and tears in his eyes, rushes to Dhritarashtra's court, overwhelmed with grief. He bows down before the king and announces in a trembling voice, "O great king, I bring tragic news! Bhishma, the venerable grandsire of the Bharatas, the embodiment of wisdom, courage, and honor, has fallen in battle! He who was like a towering tree, shading the entire kingdom with his wisdom and prowess, has been cut down by the enemy's hand!" Sanjaya's words are like a thunderbolt, shaking the very foundations of the court. He continues, his voice cracking with emotion, "Bhishma, who single-handedly defeated all the kings of the Earth, who fought bravely against the great Rama, who was like the mighty Indra himself in battle, has been slain by Sikhandin! Oh, the shame! Oh, the tragedy!" Sanjaya's lamentations echo through the court, as he describes Bhishma's unmatched bravery, his unwavering dedication to the Kuru clan, and his unshakeable commitment to honor and duty. He compares Bhishma's fall to the setting of the Sun, a calamity that plunges the world into darkness, and a mighty tree broken by the wind, a symbol of irreparable loss. The court is stunned, unable to comprehend the magnitude of the tragedy. Dhritarashtra, overcome with grief and remorse, realizes too late the gravity of his own mistakes, the evil counsels that led to Bhishma's demise. The old king's eyes, blind to the truth for so long, are finally opened, and he sees the devastation his own actions have wrought.
14 Dhritarashtra, his voice trembling with sorrow and his eyes overflowing with tears, passionately and persistently inquires about the circumstances surrounding Bhishma's tragic fall. He struggles to comprehend how his sons and their army could have allowed this unthinkable tragedy to occur, and how they managed to continue fighting without their revered leader, the mighty Bhishma, who had been their guiding light and their invincible shield. With a heavy heart and a sense of utter despair, Dhritarashtra yearns to know which heroes stood bravely alongside Bhishma in his final moments, which warriors protected his flanks and rear, and which brave fighters attempted to rally around him and save him from the clutches of death. He longs to hear the details of Bhishma's last battle, his final words, and his ultimate sacrifice. Dhritarashtra's sorrow and anguish are palpable as he grapples with the enormity of Bhishma's loss, lamenting the devastating impact it will have on their army's morale and their chances of victory. He is tormented by the thought of his sons, his army, and his kingdom being plunged into darkness and despair without the guidance and protection of the venerable Bhishma. With a deep sigh and a sense of resignation, Dhritarashtra implores Sanjaya to recount every detail of the battle, no matter how painful, and to share the story of Bhishma's ultimate sacrifice. He prepares himself to hear the unbearable truth, knowing that it will only add to his grief and sorrow.
15 Sanjaya, with a wise and knowing gaze, tells Dhritarashtra that the fault lies not with Duryodhana, but with the inevitable fate that has been ordained. He reveals that he has been granted divine sight and knowledge by the great sage Vyasa, and has witnessed the events of the battle unfold with clarity. With a deep breath, Sanjaya recounts the words of Duryodhana to Dussasana, urging him to protect Bhishma at all costs, especially from the wrath of Sikhandin, whom Bhishma refuses to fight due to his past as a woman. Sanjaya describes the strategies employed by both sides, with Yudhamanyu and Uttamauja protecting Sikhandin's flanks, and Arjuna (Phalguni) protecting Sikhandin with his life. Bhishma, determined to not fight Sikhandin, leaves himself vulnerable, and Sanjaya's words paint a vivid picture of the battle, with the sound of conches and drums, the scent of blood and sweat, and the cries of the warriors echoing through the field. Sanjaya's account is a testament to the bravery and honor of the warriors, and the tragic fate that awaits them all.
16 Sanjaya paints a vivid picture of the battlefield, describing the chaos and noise as the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas prepare for battle. He details the splendor of the armies, the warriors, and their weapons, comparing them to clouds, lightning, and fire. He names the prominent warriors on both sides, including Bhishma, who shines like the moon, and Dhrishtadyumna, who leads the Srinjayas. Sanjaya describes the fear that grips the combatants as they behold Bhishma, and compares the two armies to oceans at the end of the Yuga, abounding with crocodiles. He elaborates on the grandeur of the scene, with elephants and cars adorned with gold, resplendent standards, and warriors armed with diverse weapons, all shining brightly in the sunlight. The armies are like two oceans, agitated by fierce Makaras, and the earth trembles beneath their feet. The warriors are like bulls, eager for battle, and the sound of conches and drums fills the air. Sanjaya's description is a testament to the magnitude of the battle, a clash of titans that will decide the fate of the kingdom. The tension is palpable, and the outcome is far from certain. The stage is set for a epic struggle, and the world holds its breath in anticipation.
17 Sanjaya describes the armies of the Kurus and Pandavas, led by Bhishma and Dhrishtadyumna, respectively, as they prepare for battle. He details the splendor of the warriors, their weapons, and their standards, comparing them to hills of fire, the sun, and the moon. The armies are like two oceans, agitated by fierce Makaras, and the earth trembles beneath their feet. The warriors are like bulls, eager for battle, and the sound of conches and drums fills the air. The stage is set for an epic struggle, and the world holds its breath in anticipation. Bhishma, the generalissimo of the Kuru army, shines like the resplendent Sun himself, with his large palmyra-standard decked with five stars. The mighty car-warriors, including Aswatthaman, Srutayudha, and Chitrasena, take up their positions, ready for battle. The standard of Drona, the foremost of preceptors, bears the device of a golden altar decked with a water-pot and the figure of a bow. The standard of Duryodhana guides many hundreds and thousands of divisions, bearing the device of an elephant worked in gems. The rulers of various kingdoms, including the Sindhus, Kalingas, and Magadhas, lead their divisions, accompanied by their standards and weapons. The army is a formidable force, with hundreds of thousands of cars, elephants, and steeds, and the earth trembles beneath their feet. The stage is set for a fierce and epic battle, and the world holds its breath in anticipation.
18 Sanjaya describes the intense battle preparations, with warriors on both sides ready to fight. The earth trembles with the sounds of conches, drums, elephants, and chariots, creating a deafening din that echoes across the landscape. The armies of the Kurus and Pandavas face each other, their golden standards and coats of mail shining like fire and the sun, as they prepare for the ultimate clash. The foremost warriors, including the legendary Bhishma and Duryodhana's brothers, take their positions, protected by thousands of car-warriors and foot-soldiers, who are armed to the teeth and ready to strike. The king of Magadha leads a division of ten thousand elephants, their trunks and tusks gleaming in the sunlight, as they prepare to charge into battle. The army is vast, with millions of soldiers ready to fight with various weapons, from bows and arrows to swords and shields. The scene is one of chaos and destruction, like the separation of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers, as the two armies clash in a frenzy of steel and bloodlust. The stage is set for a battle that will decide the fate of empires, and only the bravest and strongest will emerge victorious.
19 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya how Yudhishthira formed his counter-array against Bhishma's army, knowing that their forces were vastly outnumbered. Sanjaya describes how Yudhishthira, aware of their numerical disadvantage, asked Arjuna to form the needle-mouthed array, a tactics designed to concentrate their forces and maximize their strength. However, Arjuna instead formed the Vajra array, a more aggressive formation, with Bhima at the head, protected by the Pandava brothers and other warriors. The Pandava army, with its mighty warriors and golden standards, shone like the sun and moved like a rolling current, unstoppable and fearsome. Bhimasena, with his fierce mace, led the charge, striking fear into the hearts of the enemy, his very presence causing them to tremble with dread. The Pandavas' array was impenetrable, with Arjuna and Bhima at its core, and the enemy army trembled before them, knowing that they faced a formidable foe. As the battle began, a wind blew, and thunder rolled, and the earth trembled, and meteors fell from the sky, signaling the intensity of the battle to come. The stage was set for a clash of epic proportions, with the fate of empires hanging in the balance. The Pandavas, with their superior tactics and bravery, seemed poised for victory, but the enemy army, led by the experienced Bhishma, would not go down without a fight. The outcome was far from certain, and the world held its breath as the two armies clashed in a frenzy of steel and bloodlust.
20 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the events as the battle begins. Sanjaya paints a vivid picture of the two armies facing each other, their joy and eagerness for battle palpable. The Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, stand facing west, while the Pandavas, led by Bhima, stand facing east. The wind blows against the Kauravas, and beasts of prey utter ominous sounds, foreshadowing their defeat. The Pandava army, with its mighty warriors and gleaming weapons, shines like an army of celestials, while the Kaurava army, with its formidable warriors and sturdy weapons, appears like an army of Danavas. Bhishma, the venerable commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army, stands at the forefront, surrounded by the sons of Dhritarashtra and other brave warriors. Drona, the revered preceptor of the kings, protects the army from behind, his bow and sword at the ready. Gautama, also known as Kripacharya, stands at the northern point of the army, accompanied by the Sakas, Kiratas, Yavanas, and Pahlavas. Kritavarman, the leader of the Bhoja race, commands a large force on the southern side. The Samasaptakas, a group of warriors sworn to either defeat Arjuna or die in the attempt, march towards the Pandava army with determination. The Kaurava army, with its vast array of weapons and warriors, appears formidable, but the Pandava army, despite being outnumbered, seems invincible with Kesava (Krishna) and Arjuna at its helm. The stage is set for a epic battle, with the fate of empires hanging in the balance.
21 Arjuna reassures Yudhisthira that despite being outnumbered, their righteousness, compassion, and truth will lead them to victory. He quotes the wise words of Narada and Bhishma, emphasizing that victory is not solely dependent on strength and numbers, but on the virtues that guide their actions. He reminds Yudhisthira that Krishna, the embodiment of victory and humility, is on their side, and that with his guidance, they will triumph over the forces of evil. Arjuna recalls the ancient story of how Krishna, as Hari, led the gods to victory over the Asuras, and how his presence ensured their success. He encourages Yudhisthira to shed his doubts and fears, and to trust in their righteous cause and Krishna's guidance. With Krishna on their side, Arjuna declares that victory is certain, and that they will emerge triumphant in the battle ahead. Arjuna's words are a powerful reminder of the importance of standing up for what is right, even in the face of overwhelming odds. His unwavering faith in Krishna and their righteous cause inspires Yudhisthira to cast aside his doubts and fears, and to lead their army into battle with courage and confidence.
22 Sanjaya vividly describes the Pandava army's formation, with Yudhishthira at the center, resplendent on a chariot adorned with gold and gems, surrounded by priests and sages offering praise and blessings. Sikhandin and Arjuna, two formidable warriors, stand nearby, ready to strike. Bhima, the mighty son of Pandu, with the strength of a thousand elephants, guards the flanks, his fierce presence striking fear into the hearts of the enemy. The twins, Nakula and Sahadeva, stand by his side, their valor and skill in battle renowned. Arjuna's chariot, a marvel of craftsmanship, shines like the sun, its hundred bells ringing out as it moves. Krishna, the divine statesman and warrior, holds the reins, his eyes fixed on the enemy. Bhima, the fearless warrior, paces restlessly, his massive club and shield at the ready. The enemy trembles at the sight of this formidable duo, their strength and valor daunting. Krishna, the master strategist, urges Arjuna to attack Bhishma, the venerable warrior who has performed 300 horse-sacrifices and is surrounded by skilled fighters. Bhishma, the grandsire of the Kurus, stands tall, his prowess in battle unmatched. The stage is set for a fierce and epic battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, with the fate of Hastinapura hanging in the balance.
23 Krishna advises Arjuna to invoke Durga, the goddess of strength and protection, before the battle. Arjuna recites a hymn to Durga, praising her various forms and attributes, and seeking her blessing for victory. He extols her as the ultimate power, the embodiment of Brahman, and the protector of the universe. He praises her as the slayer of demons, the granter of boons, and the embodiment of beauty and prosperity. Durga appears and grants Arjuna her boon, promising him success in the battle. With her blessing, Arjuna feels confident and invincible. He knows that with Durga's protection, he will emerge victorious and conquer his foes. The hymn to Durga is said to have the power to protect the reciter from fear, enemies, and difficulties, and to grant victory and prosperity. The scene highlights the importance of faith and devotion in achieving success, and the special bond between Arjuna and Krishna. It also showcases the significance of Durga as a symbol of feminine power and strength in Hindu mythology. The boon granted by Durga serves as a reminder that even in the most challenging times, divine intervention can make all the difference.
24 Dhritarashtra, eager to know the details of the battle, asks Sanjaya to describe the initial stages of the conflict. He inquires about which side made the first move, who exhibited confidence and courage, and who was overcome with sorrow and doubt. Sanjaya paints a vivid picture, describing how both armies approached each other with cheer and determination, their fragrant garlands and perfumes filling the air. As the two forces clash, the sound of musical instruments, conches, drums, and the shouts of brave warriors create a deafening din. The elephants, with their loud grunts, add to the chaos and intensity of the battle. The stage is set for a fierce and epic struggle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, with the fate of the kingdom hanging in the balance. Sanjaya's words transport Dhritarashtra to the battlefield, allowing him to imagine the scene in all its glory and horror.
25 Dhritarashtra, the blind king, eagerly asks Sanjaya, his charioteer and advisor, to describe the events leading up to the epic battle of Kurukshetra. Sanjaya paints a vivid picture, recounting how Duryodhana, the prideful prince, and his army, led by the venerable Bhishma, prepared for battle against the Pandavas, led by the valiant Arjuna and the divine Krishna. As the conches blow, signaling the start of the battle, Arjuna requests Krishna to position their chariot between the two armies so he can survey the enemy. Arjuna's eyes widen as he beholds his kin, friends, and mentors gathered to fight and kill each other. Overcome with emotion and pity, he is unable to bear the thought of slaying his own kin. Arjuna expresses his deep reluctance to engage in the battle, fearing the destruction of their race and the sin of internecine conflict. He would rather be slain than slay his own kin, and questions the value of victory and sovereignty at such a terrible cost. The stage is set for Krishna's counsel to Arjuna, which will become the Bhagavadgita, a timeless discourse on duty, morality, and spiritual growth.
26 Krishna counsels Arjuna to embrace his duty as a warrior, emphasizing that the soul is indestructible and transcends the physical body. He encourages Arjuna to relinquish attachment and aversion, and to engage in battle without concern for personal gain or loss. Krishna teaches Arjuna the value of selfless action, explaining that performing one's duty without attachment or desire for reward is essential for spiritual growth and freedom from sin. Krishna elaborates on the principles of yoga, highlighting the importance of controlling the senses and the mind to achieve inner peace and stability. He explains that a yogi who has mastered their senses and mind can attain a state of supreme bliss and union with the divine. Krishna's teachings are not limited to the physical realm but offer a profound spiritual perspective, encouraging Arjuna to embrace his higher nature and fulfill his purpose as a warrior. By following Krishna's guidance, Arjuna can transcend the limitations of the material world and achieve spiritual liberation. In this pivotal moment, Krishna's words of wisdom have a profound impact on Arjuna, inspiring him to re-evaluate his perspective and embrace his duty with courage and determination. The teachings of Krishna continue to resonate throughout the ages, offering guidance and inspiration to all who seek spiritual growth and self-realization.
27 Arjuna inquires about the seeming contradiction in Krishna's teachings, questioning why he should engage in the dreadful work of battle if devotion is considered superior to action. Krishna responds by elucidating the importance of both devotion and action, emphasizing that one should perform their duty without attachment to the outcome. Krishna explains that work is inherently better than inaction, and that one should strive to achieve selfless action, untainted by personal desires or motivations. He emphasizes the significance of controlling the senses and mind to attain inner peace and self-realization. Krishna further illuminates the obstacles to self-realization, identifying desire and anger as formidable foes that must be vanquished. He encourages Arjuna to recognize the enemy within and to conquer it through devotion and selfless action. In this pivotal moment, Krishna's teachings transcend the physical realm, offering a profound spiritual perspective that resonates beyond the battlefield. His words of wisdom continue to inspire and guide seekers of truth on their journey towards self-realization and inner peace.
28 The Holy One, Krishna, reveals to Arjuna that he had previously declared the imperishable system of devotion to Vivaswat, who passed it down to Manu, and then to Ikshaku, but it was lost over time. Krishna explains that he is unborn and eternal, and though he takes birth through his own powers of illusion, his divine birth and work are not understood by all. He is the lord of all creatures, and his purpose is to protect the righteous and destroy evil. Krishna encourages Arjuna to perform his duties without attachment, as he is part of the divine plan. He explains that knowledge, devotion, and selfless action are essential for achieving spiritual growth and liberation. Krishna emphasizes that one who understands the truth will not be bound by actions, and that he should strive to attain knowledge and devotion. Krishna also explains the importance of sacrifice and selfless service, and that one who performs their duties without attachment will attain the highest tranquility. He concludes by urging Arjuna to destroy his doubts with the sword of knowledge and arise to fulfill his duties, knowing that he is a part of the divine plan and that his actions have consequences. Through this discourse, Krishna imparted his divine wisdom to Arjuna, guiding him on the path of spiritual growth, selfless action, and devotion. The teachings of Krishna continue to inspire and guide seekers of truth on their journey towards spiritual liberation and self-realization.
29 Arjuna asks Krishna to clarify the superior path, abandoning actions or applying to actions. Krishna replies that both lead to emancipation, but application to action is superior, as it allows for selfless service and devotion. He explains that a true ascetic is one who has transcended duality, free from attachment and aversion, and is not bound by the consequences of action. Krishna emphasizes the importance of devotion and selfless action, stating that one who performs actions without attachment is not fettered by sin. He illustrates this with the example of a lotus leaf, which remains untouched by water. He also teaches that the Lord is not the cause of action or its fruit, and that knowledge of self destroys ignorance and leads to the Supreme Being. Krishna concludes by describing the characteristics of a devotee who has attained absorption into Brahma, including freedom from desire and wrath, control of the mind and senses, and intent on emancipation. Such a devotee is able to see the equal presence of Brahma in all creatures and experiences supreme happiness and peace. Through this discourse, Krishna imparted his divine wisdom to Arjuna, guiding him on the path of selfless action, devotion, and spiritual growth. The teachings of Krishna continue to inspire and guide seekers of truth on their journey towards spiritual liberation and self-realization.
30 The Holy One, Krishna, imparts his divine wisdom to Arjuna, elucidating the essence of devotion and the characteristics of a true devotee. He explains that a devotee is one who has transcended all desires and resolves, and has successfully restrained their senses and mind. Such an individual remains unperturbed by pleasure and pain, and views all creatures with an equal and compassionate gaze. Krishna guides Arjuna on the practical application of devotion, emphasizing the importance of finding a serene and sacred space for meditation, controlling the mind and senses, and focusing one's attention inwardly. He acknowledges that the path of devotion is not an easy one, but assures Arjuna that with persistent effort and dedication, it can be attained. Arjuna expresses his concerns about the stability of devotion, questioning whether it can be maintained in the face of adversity. Krishna reassuringly responds that with unwavering faith and consistent practice, devotion can be sustained. He further explains that even if one's devotion falters, they will not be lost, but will instead be reborn in a virtuous family or a family of devotees, where they will continue to progress on their spiritual journey. Ultimately, Krishna emphasizes the superiority of devotion over other spiritual paths, encouraging Arjuna to embrace this noble pursuit. Through this sacred dialogue, Krishna illuminates the path of devotion, offering guidance and inspiration to all who seek a deeper connection with the divine.
31 The Holy One, Krishna, reveals to Arjuna that he can be fully known through devotion and taking refuge in him. Krishna explains his nature, divided into lower and higher forms, and how all creatures have their source in him. He is the source of evolution and dissolution, and there is nothing higher than him. Krishna declares that he is the eternal seed of all beings, the intelligence of all creatures, and the strength of all that are strong. He is beyond the three qualities of goodness, passion, and darkness, and only those who resort to him alone can transcend this illusion. Four classes of devotees worship him, and the man of knowledge is dear to him. Krishna assures Arjuna that those who worship him with faith will attain their desires, and ultimately come to know him. He reveals that he knows all things past, present, and future, but is not known by all. Creatures are deluded by pairs of opposites, but those who take refuge in him can attain release and know Brahman, Adhyatma, and action.
32 Arjuna asks Krishna about the nature of Brahman, Adhyatma, action, Adhibhuta, Adhidaiva, and Adhiyajna, seeking understanding of the ultimate reality and the path to achieve it. Krishna explains that Brahman is the supreme and indestructible reality, Adhyatma is its own manifestation, and action is the offering that causes production and development. He reveals that thinking of him at all times and engaging in battle with a steady mind will lead to union with him. Krishna elaborates on the two paths that devotees take after death, one leading to Brahma and the other leading to return to the world. He explains that the path of light, consisting of fire, light, day, and the northern solstice, leads to Brahma, while the path of smoke, night, and the southern solstice leads to rebirth. He encourages Arjuna to be devoted and know that he will attain the supreme seat, achieving the highest goal and avoiding rebirth. Krishna emphasizes the importance of devotion and steady mind, assuring Arjuna that with unwavering focus, he will overcome all obstacles and attain the ultimate reality. He reiterates that knowing him as the supreme being, unmanifest and eternal, will lead to liberation from the cycle of birth and death. With this knowledge, Arjuna is encouraged to engage in battle with a serene mind, knowing that he is on the path to achieving the highest goal.
33 The Holy One, Krishna, reveals to Arjuna that he is the supreme reality, the origin of all entities, and the universe is pervaded by him. He explains that he is the creator and supporter of all entities, but he is not attached to them. Krishna reveals that he is the father, mother, creator, and grandsire of the universe, and he is the means by which everything is cleaned. He is the goal, supporter, lord, and on-looker, and he is the receptacle of all sacrifices. He is the syllable Om, the Rik, the Saman, and the Yajus, and he is the source of all knowledge. Krishna assures Arjuna that those who worship him with reverence will be freed from the fetters of action and will come to him. He is alike to all creatures, and none are hateful or dear to him. Even those of wicked conduct who worship him will become virtuous and attain eternal tranquility. Krishna encourages Arjuna to fix his mind on him, be his devotee, and make him his refuge, and he will certainly come to him. Krishna emphasizes that he is the enjoyer of all sacrifices and the lord of all offerings. He accepts the offerings of those who worship him with reverence, and he is pleased with their devotion. He is the supreme goal of all beings, and those who attain him will never be lost. Even those of sinful birth, women, Vaisyas, and Sudras can attain the supreme goal by worshiping him. Krishna concludes by urging Arjuna to engage in his worship, fix his mind on him, and make him his refuge. He promises that Arjuna will certainly come to him, and he will attain the supreme goal.
34 The Holy One, Krishna, reveals his divine perfections to Arjuna, declaring that he is the soul, beginning, middle, and end of all beings. He is the Supreme Lord, the origin of all things, and the source of everything. Krishna lists his various manifestations, including Vishnu, the Sun, Marichi, the Moon, the Sama Veda, Vasava, the mind, intellect, Sankara, Pavaka, Meru, Vrihaspati, Skanda, Ocean, Bhrigu, the syllable Om, and more. He is the thunderbolt, Kamadhuk, Kandarpa, Vasuki, Ananta, Varuna, Aryaman, Yama, Prahlada, Time, the lion, Vinata's son, the wind, Rama, Makara, Jahnavi, and the source of all created things. Krishna declares that he is the knowledge of Supreme Spirit, the disputation among disputants, the letter A, Time Eternal, and the Ordainer with face turned on every side. He is Death, the source of all, Fame, Fortune, Speech, Memory, Intelligence, Constancy, Forgiveness, and more. Krishna concludes that there is nothing mobile or immobile that can exist without him, and that everything is born of a portion of his energy.
35 Arjuna asks Krishna to reveal his universal form, and Krishna grants his request. Arjuna beholds Krishna's majestic form, with many mouths, eyes, and arms, and sees the entire universe contained within him. He is amazed and terrified, and bows down to Krishna, acknowledging his greatness. Krishna's form is so vast and powerful that it fills the entire universe, and Arjuna is humbled and intimidated by the sight. He sees all the gods and creatures of the universe contained within Krishna, and realizes that Krishna is the ultimate reality and the source of everything. Arjuna is overcome with emotion and reverence, and begs Krishna to forgive him for any disrespect he may have shown in the past. Krishna explains that he is the destroyer of the worlds, and that Arjuna should not be afraid, but rather fight and conquer his foes. Arjuna, still trembling, asks Krishna to return to his gentle form, and Krishna complies, reassuring Arjuna that he can be known and attained through exclusive devotion. Arjuna is grateful and relieved to see Krishna's gentle form again, and his fears and doubts are alleviated. He realizes that Krishna is not only the ultimate reality, but also his friend and guide, and that he will always be protected and guided by Krishna's love and wisdom.
36 Arjuna asks Krishna about the best way to worship him, and Krishna replies that those who fix their minds on him, adore him with devotion, and surrender all actions to him are the most devoted. Krishna explains that those who worship him with exclusive devotion, fixing their minds on him and regarding him as their highest object, are the most dear to him. He also says that those who worship the Unmanifest, the All-pervading, and the Eternal also attain to him, but the path is harder for those who are embodied. Krishna advises Arjuna to fix his heart on him alone, and promises to deliver him from the mortal world. He emphasizes the importance of surrendering all actions to him and having faith in him. Krishna also describes the characteristics of his dear devotees, including being unconcerned, pure, diligent, and free from distress, and having faith in him. They are also those who are alike in pleasure and pain, forgiving, contented, and have subdued their souls. They are free from attachment, vanity, and egoism, and are equal-minded in respect to all creatures. Krishna concludes by saying that those who resort to this righteousness, leading to immortality, and regard him as their highest object, are the dearest to him.
37 Krishna elaborates on the concept of Kshetra (body) and Kshetrajna (soul), explaining that the body is composed of various elements, senses, and qualities, while the soul is the conscious being that knows and experiences. He describes the qualities of knowledge and ignorance, emphasizing that knowledge is understanding the true nature of the self and the Supreme, while ignorance is attachment to the ephemeral world. Krishna explains that the Supreme Brahma is beyond human comprehension, yet present in every being, and that it is the source of everything. He encourages Arjuna to understand the distinction between matter and spirit, and to see the Supreme Lord dwelling in all beings, in order to attain the highest goal. Krishna uses analogies, such as the sun lighting up the world, to illustrate the relationship between the soul and the body. He explains that just as the sun illuminates the entire world, the soul illuminates the body and its senses. He also uses the analogy of space, explaining that just as space is ubiquitous and untouched by the physical world, the soul is present in every body and untouched by the physical world. Krishna concludes by saying that those who understand the difference between matter and spirit, and the liberation from the nature of all entities, attain the Supreme. He encourages Arjuna to strive for this understanding, and to see the Supreme Lord dwelling in all beings, in order to achieve liberation and union with the Divine.
38 Krishna explains the three qualities (gunas) of nature: goodness, passion, and darkness. He describes how they bind the soul and how one can transcend them to attain immortality and union with Brahma. He also describes the characteristics of one who has transcended the gunas, such as: - No aversion or desire for the qualities - Unaffected by pain and pleasure - Self-contained and equal-minded - Sees equally in friend and foe - Has renounced all exertion - Worships Krishna with exclusive devotion Such a person is fit to attain the nature of Brahma, which is immortality, undestructibility, eternal piety, and unbroken felicity.
39 The Holy One explains the eternal Ashvattha tree, representing the cycle of life and death, with roots above and branches below. Its leaves are the Vedas, and its form cannot be fully understood. Cutting through attachment and delusion with the weapon of unconcern, one can seek the Primeval Sire and attain the supreme seat, beyond pleasure and pain. The individual soul, a portion of the Divine, draws in the senses and enjoys objects, but is often deluded by attachment. Only those with the eye of knowledge can see the splendor of the Divine within. The Divine is the source of memory, knowledge, and the Vedas, and is celebrated as Purushottama, the Highest Being. The Divine pervades the three worlds, sustains all creatures, and is the author of the Vedantas. Knowing the Divine as the Highest Being, one can worship in every way and attain intelligence, fulfilling their purpose. This knowledge is the greatest of mysteries, and those who understand it will be gifted with wisdom.
40 The Holy One explains the contrasting qualities of god-like and demoniac beings. God-like qualities include fearlessness, purity of heart, perseverance in knowledge and Yoga meditation, gifts, self-restraint, sacrifice, study of the Vedas, ascetic penances, uprightness, abstention from injury, truth, freedom from anger, renunciation, tranquillity, and compassion for all creatures. These qualities lead to deliverance and liberation. On the other hand, demoniac qualities include hypocrisy, pride, conceit, wrath, rudeness, ignorance, and a lack of inclination or disinclination. Demoniac beings are driven by insatiable desires, hypocrisy, and folly, and are doomed to suffer in hell. They are consumed by their own selfish desires and are unable to attain perfection, happiness, or their highest goal. Arjuna is born with god-like qualities, but the Holy One warns him about the dangers of demoniac qualities. One should renounce lust, wrath, and greed, and follow the scriptures to achieve perfection, happiness, and their highest goal. By abandoning the ordinances of the scriptures and acting only under the impulses of desire, one can never attain true happiness or fulfillment.
41 Arjuna asks about the fate of those who abandon scriptural ordinances and perform sacrifices with faith. Krishna explains that faith is of three kinds: good, passionate, and dark, reflecting individual natures. Good faith leads to worship of gods, passionate faith to worship of Yakshas and Rakshasas, and dark faith to worship of spirits and ghosts. Krishna elaborates on the three types of food, sacrifice, penance, and gifts, corresponding to good, passionate, and dark qualities. Good food promotes life, energy, and joy, while passionate food is bitter and causes pain. Dark food is stale and filthy. Good sacrifice is performed without attachment, passionate sacrifice seeks fruit, and dark sacrifice is against scripture. Good penance involves bodily discipline, truthful speech, and mental serenity, while passionate penance is hypocritical and dark penance harmful. Krishna emphasizes the importance of performing actions without attachment to fruit, and with devotion and faith. He explains the significance of the syllables OM, TAT, and SAT, and their role in sacrifices, penances, and gifts. OM represents Brahma, TAT signifies renunciation, and SAT denotes existence and goodness. Krishna concludes that actions performed without faith are worthless, while those performed with faith and devotion lead to deliverance.
42 Arjuna asks about renunciation and abandonment, seeking clarification on the nature of true renunciation. Krishna explains that renunciation is the rejection of desires, while abandonment is the rejection of fruit. He emphasizes the importance of performing actions without attachment, explaining that even prescribed actions should be done without desire for fruit. Krishna then elaborates on the three kinds of faith, action, and agent, highlighting the differences between good, passionate, and dark qualities. He explains that intellect, constancy, and happiness also have three forms, depending on their quality. Krishna stresses the importance of performing one's duties without attachment, stating that even imperfect performance is better than none at all. He encourages Arjuna to seek refuge in Him, promising ultimate freedom and perfection. Finally, Krishna declares His supreme mystery, revealing that He is the Lord of Yoga and the ultimate destination. He assures Arjuna that he will attain eternal tranquility and freedom by surrendering to Him. The chapter concludes with Sanjaya extolling the wonders of this conversation, rejoicing in the greatness of Krishna and Arjuna.
43 This passage from the Mahabharata, a revered Hindu epic, depicts a poignant scene where Yudhishthira, the Pandava king, demonstrates his respect and humility by seeking the blessings of his esteemed elders and gurus. As the great battle of Kurukshetra is about to commence, Yudhishthira approaches Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and Salya, and requests their permission to engage in combat. He also seeks their blessings for victory, showcasing his reverence for their wisdom and experience. The elders, moved by Yudhishthira's gesture, grant him their blessings and offer sage advice. Bhishma and Drona, despite being bound by duty to fight for the Kauravas, assure Yudhishthira of their support and promise to guide him towards victory. Kripa and Salya also extend their blessings, acknowledging Yudhishthira's noble character. Meanwhile, Yuyutsu, a son of Dhritarashtra, makes a bold decision to defect from the Kaurava camp and join the Pandavas. This move is significant, as it highlights the moral fiber of Yuyutsu, who chooses to stand with the righteous Pandavas despite being a member of the Kaurava family. As the two armies prepare for battle, the atmosphere is filled with tension and anticipation. The sound of drums, cymbals, and conches echoes through the land, signaling the start of the epic conflict. The Pandavas, with their unwavering commitment to justice and righteousness, stand ready to face their foes, bolstered by the blessings and support of their elders and gurus. This passage from the Mahabharata serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of respect, honor, and compassion, even in the face of adversity and conflict. Yudhishthira's actions demonstrate that true strength lies not in military prowess alone but also in the ability to show humility and reverence for those who have come before us.
44 The battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas commences, with Bhishma, the revered grandfather and commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army, leading the charge. Bhimasena, the mighty Pandava warrior, takes the lead for the Pandavas, his thunderous roars echoing across the battlefield, striking fear into the hearts of the Kaurava soldiers. The two armies clash in a frenzy of arrows, swords, and spears, creating a deafening din that shakes the earth. The Pandava army, comprising the five sons of Draupadi, Nakula, Sahadeva, and Dhrishtadyumna, charges into battle with unwavering courage, their arrows flying swift and true. The Kaurava army, led by Duryodhana and his brothers, fights back with equal ferocity, their weapons flashing in the sunlight. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The sun is obscured by the dust raised by the combatants, and the sound of conches, drums, and cymbals fills the air, punctuated by the cries of the wounded and the dying. The earth is soaked with the blood of the fallen, and the once-green battlefield is now a scene of utter devastation. In the midst of this chaos, Bhishma shines brightly, his prowess in battle unmatched. His arrows strike true, cutting down Pandava warriors like a scythe through wheat. The Pandavas, however, refuse to yield, their determination and bravery driving them forward. The battle is fierce and intense, with no clear victor in sight. The outcome hangs in the balance, as the two armies clash in a struggle that will determine the fate of Hastinapura and the future of the Kuru dynasty.
45 The battle rages on, with many warriors engaging in intense combat. Bhishma, the revered grandfather and commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army, and Arjuna, the mighty Pandava warrior, exchange blows, but neither can gain the upper hand. Satyaki, the formidable warrior from the Yadava clan, and Kritavarman, the powerful Kaurava warrior, fight fiercely, each weakening the other. Abhimanyu, the young and valiant son of Arjuna, and Vrihadvala, the mighty Kaurava warrior, engage in a intense battle, with Abhimanyu ultimately gaining the upper hand. Bhimasena, the powerful Pandava warrior, and Duryodhana, the proud and arrogant Kaurava king, clash, with both warriors showing great prowess. Yudhishthira, the righteous and brave Pandava king, engages in a fierce battle with the ruler of the Madras, while Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin Pandava brothers, fight valiantly against their respective opponents. Dhrishtadyumna, the skilled Pandava warrior, and Ghatotkacha, the mighty Rakshasa warrior, engage in intense combat with their respective foes. The battle is intense and chaotic, with warriors on both sides showing great skill and bravery. Elephants, cars, and steeds clash, and the sound of conches, drums, and cymbals fills the air. The earth is soaked with the blood of the fallen, and the once-green battlefield is now a scene of utter devastation. The outcome of the battle is far from certain, as the warriors continue to fight with all their might.
46 The battle rages on, with warriors on both sides displaying unwavering courage and skill. The clash of elephants, cars, and steeds is deafening, and the air is filled with the sound of weapons clashing and the cries of the fallen. The Pandavas and Kurus engage in a fierce and relentless struggle, with no quarter asked or given. Heroes fall, their bodies torn apart by weapons, and the earth is soaked with blood. The battle is intense and chaotic, with no clear victor in sight. Bhishma, with his silver standard adorned with the device of the palmyra and five stars, shines like a lunar orb on the battlefield. His great car, adorned with bells and flags, advances steadily, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. The Pandava divisions, despite their valiant efforts, begin to waver in the face of Bhishma's unyielding onslaught. The sound of conches, drums, and cymbals fills the air, and the earth trembles beneath the feet of the warriors. The battle is a maelstrom of chaos and destruction, with no escape from the fury of the combatants. The very fabric of the battlefield seems to be torn apart by the intensity of the conflict. In the midst of this chaos, heroes rise and fall, their names etched in the annals of history. The battle is a testament to the bravery and sacrifice of the warriors, and the unyielding resolve of their leaders. The outcome is far from certain, as the battle rages on, fueled by the unquenchable thirst for victory.
47 The battle rages on, with Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, displaying exceptional bravery and skill. He engages in a fierce duel with Bhishma, piercing him with nine arrows. Bhishma, in turn, pierces Abhimanyu with three broad-headed shafts. The two warriors continue to exchange blows, with Abhimanyu's standard being cut off by Bhishma. However, Abhimanyu remains unwavering, showering arrows on Bhishma and eventually cutting off his standard. The Pandavas, led by Bhima, Virata, and Satyaki, rush to Abhimanyu's aid, engaging in a intense battle with Bhishma and the Kaurava warriors. The fight is fierce, with both sides suffering heavy losses. Meanwhile, Sweta, son of Virata, engages in a duel with Salya, the ruler of Madras, and ultimately kills him. The battle rages on, with no clear victor in sight.
48 The battle rages on, with Sweta, the Pandava generalissimo, engaging Bhishma in a fierce and intense duel. Despite being struck by Bhishma's arrows, Sweta continues to fight with unyielding determination, his skills and bravery on full display. The two warriors exchange blows, their arrows flying swift and true, each one aimed at the other's heart. The sound of clashing steel and the scent of blood fill the air, as the two armies watch in awe. But despite his valiant efforts, Sweta is eventually overpowered by Bhishma's superior skill and strength. With a mighty cry, Bhishma strikes Sweta down with a powerful arrow, ending the life of the brave Pandava commander. As Sweta falls to the ground, his armor dented and his body pierced by arrows, the Pandava army is filled with dismay and grief. Their leader, their hero, is no more. The Kauravas, on the other hand, rejoice at their victory, their cheers and shouts of triumph echoing across the battlefield. Bhishma, the grandsire, stands tall, his chest heaving with exhaustion, his eyes gleaming with pride. He has proven once again why he is considered one of the greatest warriors of all time. As the sun begins to set, the withdrawal of both armies takes place, the Pandavas mourning the loss of their brave commander, the Kauravas celebrating their triumph. But the war is far from over, and the Pandavas vow to continue the fight, to avenge the death of their leader and to emerge victorious in the end. The stage is set for another day of brutal and bloody battle, as the two armies clash once more in the epic struggle of the Mahabharata.
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50 I see you're sharing a significant portion of the Mahabharata, an ancient Indian epic. This text describes a pivotal battle scene, where the Pandavas and Kauravas clash, and the Pandava commander Sweta is slain by Bhishma. The passage highlights the intensity of the battle, the bravery of various warriors, and the strategic formation of the Pandava army. It also showcases the emotional turmoil of King Yudhishthira, who is filled with grief and despair but ultimately resolves to continue fighting with the support of his brothers, allies, and Krishna. If you have specific questions or need further clarification on any parts of this text, feel free to ask!
51 Sanjaya said, "Beholding the Krauncha array, thy son Duryodhana approached Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, Salya, and others, saying, 'United, we are invincible. Let us protect Bhishma, our immeasurable host. Our army is mighty, with heroes like Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa. We will crush the Pandavas!' Bhishma, surrounded by troops, advanced like a celestial leader, his banner waving high. Drona, with Kuntalas, Dasarnas, and Magadhas, followed him, their weapons at the ready. Gandharas, Sindhusauviras, Sivis, and Vasatis also joined, their conches blowing loud and clear. Sakuni protected Drona, while Duryodhana, with his brothers and allies, advanced cheerfully, their armor glinting in the sun. Bhurisravas, Sala, Salya, and others protected the left flank, their bows strung and arrows quivering. Somadatta, Susarman, and others were on the right, their swords drawn and shields at the ready. Aswatthaman, Kripa, and Kritavarman guarded the rear, their eyes watchful and their weapons poised. The troops blew their conches, and the noise became a loud uproar, a deafening din that shook the earth. Madhava and Arjuna blew their conches, Panchajanya and Devadatta, their sound piercing the sky. The Pandavas, with their allies, also blew their conches, and the uproar reverberated through the earth and sky, a tumultuous sound that heralded the start of battle."
52 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya how the battle began. Sanjaya replied that when the armies were formed, Duryodhana told his troops to start the fight. The combatants, abandoning their lives, rushed at the Pandavas with upraised standards. The battle was fierce, with arrows and shafts flying everywhere. Bhishma, the venerable Kuru grandsire, showered arrows on Arjuna, Subhadra's son, and other Pandava warriors. The Pandava army wavered, but Arjuna stood firm, determined to defeat Bhishma. Vasudeva took Arjuna's car towards Bhishma's, and the two warriors engaged in a fierce duel. Bhishma struck Arjuna with 77 arrows, while Drona, Kripa, and others also attacked him. Arjuna retaliated, piercing Bhishma with 25 arrows and striking other warriors. The battle raged on, with both sides displaying their prowess. The earth trembled, and the gods watched in wonder. Bhishma and Arjuna were evenly matched, their arrows and shafts canceling each other out. The battle was unending, with neither side able to gain the upper hand. Other warriors fought and died, but Bhishma and Arjuna remained unwavering, their duel a testament to their unyielding courage.
53 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the battle between Drona and Dhrishtadyumna. Sanjaya replied that Drona and Dhrishtadyumna engaged in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and showing great prowess. Drona pierced Dhrishtadyumna with many arrows, but the latter stood firm, like a mountain. Dhrishtadyumna hurled a dart at Drona, but the latter cut it off with three arrows. Dhrishtadyumna then showered arrows on Drona, who baffled them and cut off Dhrishtadyumna's bow. Dhrishtadyumna took up a mace and hurled it at Drona, but the latter baffled it and pierced Dhrishtadyumna with many arrows. The two warriors, covered in blood, looked like blossoming Kinsukas. Drona then cut off Dhrishtadyumna's bow again and felled his charioteer and steeds. Dhrishtadyumna alighted from his car and rushed at Drona with a shield and scimitar, but was unable to proceed further. Bhima then came to his aid and pierced Drona with seven arrows. The battle raged on, with the Kalingas supporting Drona and Bhima supporting Dhrishtadyumna.
54 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya about the battle between Bhima and the king of Kalingas. Sanjaya replied that Bhima, with his mace, fought the king of Kalingas and his son Sakradeva, who were supported by a large army. Bhima slew Sakradeva with his mace and then felled the king of Kalingas from his elephant. The king, enraged, shot fourteen bearded darts at Bhima, who cut them off with his sword. Bhima then slew Bhanumat, the prince of Kalingas, and his elephant. The king of Kalingas, excited with rage, shot arrows at Bhima, who cut them off with his sword. Bhima then slew the king of Kalingas with seven shafts. The Kalingas, supported by many thousands of combatants, surrounded Bhima, who slew seven hundred heroes and two thousand Kalingas. Bhima then blew his conch, causing the Kalingas to quake with fear. The Pandava army, led by Dhrishtadyumna, Sikhandin, and Yudhishthira, came to Bhima's aid, and Satyaki took up the wing of both Bhima and Dhrishtadyumna. Bhishma, hearing the cries of the Kalingas, proceeded towards Bhima, but was pierced by Satyaki, Bhimasena, and Dhrishtadyumna with three shafts each. Bhishma, in return, pierced each of them with three shafts. Bhima then took up a mace and jumped down from his car, and Dhrishtadyumna took him away from the field. Bhima, having slain all the Kalingas, stayed in the midst of the troops, and none of the enemy dared to withstand him.
55 Dhrishtadyumna engaged in battle with Drona's son, Salya, and Kripa. He slew the steeds of Drona's son, who then joined Salya's car. Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son, came to aid Dhrishtadyumna and pierced Salya, Kripa, and Aswatthaman with arrows. Lakshmana, Duryodhana's son, attacked Abhimanyu, who retaliated with five hundred arrows. Lakshmana broke Abhimanyu's bow, but he took up another and continued fighting. Duryodhana and other kings surrounded Abhimanyu, but he held his ground. Arjuna came to his son's aid, and the battle intensified. A dust storm obscured the sky, and the Kuru army was unable to advance against Arjuna's arrows. Elephants, car-warriors, and riders fled in panic, abandoning their vehicles and weapons. Arjuna's fierce countenance struck fear into the hearts of his enemies. The sound of conches and drums filled the air as Arjuna's chariot moved swiftly across the battlefield, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. Bhishma and Drona, veteran warriors, retreated as Arjuna's arrows pierced the hearts of many Kuru soldiers. The sun began to set, casting a golden glow over the battlefield. The withdrawal of both armies commenced, and the battle came to an end. As the dust settled, the warriors gazed upon the carnage, their minds reeling with the thought of the next day's battle. In this fierce encounter, many brave warriors had fallen, their valor and skill ultimately succumbing to the might of Arjuna's bow. The Pandavas had emerged victorious, but at what cost? The war had only just begun, and the fate of the kingdom hung precariously in the balance. As night descended, the armies retreated to their camps, their hearts heavy with the knowledge that the battle would resume at dawn.
56 Sanjaya said, "When dawn broke, Bhishma formed the Kuru army into the Garuda array, with himself at the beak, and Bharadwaja's son and Kritavarman as the eyes. Aswatthaman, Kripa, and others supported the head, while Bhurisravas, Sala, and Salya were on the neck. King Duryodhana and his followers were on the back, and Vinda and Anuvinda on the tail. The Magadhas and Kalingas formed the right wing, and the Karushas and others the left wing. The Pandavas, led by Dhrishtadyumna, formed a half-moon array in response. Bhimasena was on the right horn, with Virata and Drupada next to him. Nila, Dhrishtaketu, and others were stationed further along. Yudhishthira was in the middle with his elephant division, surrounded by Satyaki, the five sons of Draupadi, and Iravan. Ghatotkacha and the Kekayas were on the left horn, protected by Janardana. The two armies clashed, with cars and elephants mingling in combat. The noise of the cars and drums was deafening, and the shouts of the warriors reached the heavens."
57 The battle raged on, with Dhananjaya (Arjuna) causing great carnage among the Kuru army. The Dhartarashtras fought back, but both sides suffered heavy losses. The armies broke and reformed, with warriors fighting individually, guided by colors, watchwords, and tribal distinctions. The Kaurava array, protected by Bharadwaja's son, and the Pandava array, protected by Savyasachin and Bhima, held firm. Cavalry soldiers fought cavalry soldiers, car-warriors fought elephant-riders, and infantry fought with short arrows and battle-axes. The field was strewn with broken weapons, bodies, and costly blankets. The earth was impassable, miry with flesh and blood. Headless trunks rose up, indicating the destruction of the world. Bhishma, Drona, and other warriors broke the Pandava ranks, while Bhimasena, Ghatotkacha, and Satyaki ground down the Kuru troops. The battle was fierce, with warriors on both sides striking each other, covered in blood. The Pandavas and Kurus clashed, each desirous of victory.
58 Sanjaya said, "The kings, enraged, surrounded Arjuna with thousands of cars and showered him with weapons. But Arjuna checked the attack with his gold-decked arrows. The gods and other celestial beings praised Arjuna's skill. Meanwhile, Satyaki and Abhimanyu fought against Suvala's son and his army. Though their car was destroyed, they continued to fight from Abhimanyu's car. Drona and Bhishma slaughtered Yudhishthira's division, but the Pandavas fought back fiercely. Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha achieved great feats, but Duryodhana checked them. Bhimasena struck Duryodhana with an arrow, and he fell unconscious. His charioteer bore him away, and his army fled. Bhima pursued them, striking them with sharp arrows. Dhrishtadyumna and Yudhishthira also slew their army. Bhishma and Drona tried to check the fleeing army but failed. Arjuna showered arrows on the Kaurava army, causing them to flee in terror. Bhishma and Drona rallied the army, and Duryodhana comforted his soldiers. The army stopped fleeing and prepared to fight again."
59 Arjuna fought off thousands of cars with his arrows, his skill and prowess on full display. The kings, enraged, had surrounded him with their vast army, but Arjuna was undaunted. With his gold-decked arrows, he single-handedly held off the enemy, his bow singing with a deadly rhythm. The gods and celestial beings watched in awe, praising Arjuna's incredible feats. Meanwhile, Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha were wreaking havoc on the enemy lines. Bhimasena's mighty roar struck fear into the hearts of his foes, while Ghatotkacha's supernatural strength sent enemy warriors flying. The Pandava army, inspired by their leaders' bravery, fought with renewed vigor. Despite being vastly outnumbered, the Pandavas held their ground, their determination and courage driving them forward. Duryodhana's army, on the other hand, began to waver, their spirits sagging under the relentless onslaught. As the battle raged on, it seemed clear that the tide was turning in favor of the Pandavas.
60 The battle raged on, with Bhishma leading the Kuru army against the Pandavas. Arjuna, with his ape-bannered car and white steeds, charged forward, his standard and car-shaft gleaming in the sunlight. The Kauravas were filled with dismay as they beheld him, accompanied by Krishna, his charioteer. The Pandava army, protected by Arjuna, formed a mighty array, with thousands of elephants, steeds, infantry, and cars. The Kauravas, led by Bhishma, Drona, and Duryodhana, rushed against them, but were met with a fierce resistance. The battle was intense, with warriors on both sides fighting valiantly. Car-warriors clashed, elephants trumpeted, and foot-soldiers fought with swords and shields. The sky was filled with the dust of the battlefield, and the sound of drums, conches, and trumpets echoed through the air. Arjuna and Bhishma engaged in a fierce duel, their bows twanging loudly as they shot arrows at each other. The Kurus and Pandavas watched in awe as the two warriors clashed, their skills evenly matched. The outcome of the battle was far from certain, as the two armies fought on with all their might.
61 The battle raged on, with Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, fighting valiantly against five powerful warriors - Drona's son, Bhurisravas, Chitrasena, Samyamani's son, and Salya. Despite being outnumbered, Abhimanyu displayed exceptional bravery and skill, striking fear into the hearts of his enemies. His bow was constantly drawn, releasing a stream of arrows that found their mark with deadly precision. He slew Samyamani's son with a mighty blow from his mace, and then engaged in a fierce duel with Samyamani himself. The two warriors exchanged blows, their swords clashing in a flurry of steel and sparks. Abhimanyu's prowess was unmatched, his movements swift and graceful as he dodged and parried Samyamani's attacks. In the end, Abhimanyu emerged victorious, striking Samyamani down with a powerful strike. The Pandava army cheered as Abhimanyu stood triumphant, his reputation as a hero and a warrior cemented. The Kaurava army, however, was filled with sorrow and rage at the loss of their comrades. Their leader, Duryodhana, was consumed by anger and grief, vowing to avenge the death of his friends. The battle raged on, with both sides determined to emerge victorious. The sound of clashing steel and the cries of the wounded filled the air, as the fate of the kingdom hung in the balance.
62 Dhritarashtra lamented the fate of his sons, who were being slaughtered by the Pandavas. Sanjaya described the intense battle between the two armies, with Dhrishtadyumna and Salya engaging in a fierce duel. Abhimanyu joined the fight, piercing Salya with three sharp shafts. The warriors of both armies clashed, with Bhimasena and Dhrishtadyumna leading the Pandava charge. Bhima's mace was wet with the blood of elephants, and he wandered over the field, crushing beasts and warriors alike. His strength and fury were unmatched, and he seemed like the Destroyer himself. The Pandava warriors protected Bhima's rear, showering arrows on their foes. The Magadha king was slain by Abhimanyu, and his elephant division was routed by Bhima. The battle raged on, with elephants and car-warriors falling on both sides. The earth was slick with blood, and the cries of the wounded filled the air. The Pandavas fought with all their might, determined to emerge victorious. Bhima's mace was a blur of motion, striking down foe after foe. Dhrishtadyumna and Abhimanyu fought with equal valor, their bows singing as they loosed arrow after arrow. The Kaurava army was in disarray, their warriors fleeing in terror from the mighty Pandavas. Dhritarashtra's sorrow and despair deepened as he heard of the destruction of his army and the valor of his foes. He knew that the end was near, and that his sons would soon be defeated.
63 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Bhimasena and the Kaurava army. Bhima single-handedly held off the entire army, his mace wreaking havoc on the enemy. The army was like a surging sea, but Bhima stood firm, his mace crushing cars, elephants, and steeds. His brothers and allies fought alongside him, undaunted by the enemy's numbers. Bhima's mace was smeared with blood and flesh, and the field of battle resembled the abode of Yama. The Kaurava warriors were cheerless, and their efforts were futile against Bhima's fury. Satyaki, another Pandava warrior, joined the fray, his arrows piercing the enemy lines. The Kaurava army was unable to impede his progress, and he advanced like the noon-day sun. Somadatta's son and Bhurisravas, however, were undaunted and rushed against Satyaki, eager for battle. The clash of arms was fierce, and the outcome was far from certain.
64 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Bhimasena and the Kaurava warriors. Bhurisravas pierced Satyaki with nine arrows, but Satyaki retaliated with nine shafts of his own. The Pandavas and Kauravas clashed, with Bhimasena fighting off Duryodhana and his brothers. Bhima's mace was a formidable weapon, crushing cars and elephants alike. The Kaurava warriors were no match for Bhima's fury, and they fled in terror. Ghatotkacha, a powerful Rakshasa, joined the fray, creating an illusion that terrified the Kaurava army. Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotisha, was slain by Ghatotkacha's elephant. The Kaurava army retreated, overcome with shame and fear. The Pandavas, victorious, returned to their encampment, their bodies mangled with shafts. They worshiped Bhimasena and Ghatotkacha, their heroes, and uttered shouts of joy that made the earth tremble.
65 Dhritarashtra expressed his fear and wonder at the Pandavas' victories, despite the Kauravas' superior numbers and the presence of great warriors like Bhishma and Drona. He was anxious about the consequences of the war and felt that the words of Vidura, his wise advisor, were coming true. Sanjaya attributed the Pandavas' success to their righteousness, might, and adherence to morality. He noted that the Pandavas had been unfairly treated and humiliated by the Kauravas, and that their victories were a just consequence. Sanjaya also recounted a conversation between Duryodhana and Bhishma, in which Bhishma advised Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, but Duryodhana refused to listen. Bhishma explained that the Pandavas were protected by the divine Vasudeva, and that their victory was inevitable. He also recounted an ancient history in which the celestials and Rishis worshipped Vasudeva as the supreme divine being, and described Vasudeva's infinite attributes and powers. Bhishma praised Vasudeva as the creator and sustainer of the universe, and the ultimate refuge of all beings. He described Vasudeva's various incarnations and exploits, and noted that he had taken birth in the race of Yadu in order to establish righteousness and slay the forces of evil. Bhishma also described the Pandavas as partial incarnations of Vasudeva, and noted that they were invincible in battle due to his protection. Dhritarashtra was filled with sorrow and regret as he listened to Sanjaya's words, and realized that his own sons were doomed to defeat and destruction. He lamented his own folly in not listening to the advice of Vidura and Bhishma, and in ignoring the warnings of the wise and the signs of destiny.
66 Bhishma spoke of the Lord of the worlds, Vasudeva, who is the Supreme God, the Soul of beings, and the great Lord. He took birth in the human world to slaughter the Asuras and protect the Universe. Vasudeva is the Supreme Mystery, the Supreme refuge, and the Supreme Brahma. He is without decay, Unmanifest, and Eternal. Bhishma warned that disregarding Vasudeva as a mere man would lead to darkness and folly. He shared stories of Vasudeva's greatness, heard from Rishis and sages, and emphasized the importance of adoring and worshipping him. Bhishma scolded Duryodhana for not recognizing Vasudeva's divinity and warned him that he would face defeat and darkness for disregarding the Lord. He praised Vasudeva as the Eternal God, pervading all beings, and ever blessed, and noted that victory would surely be with those who followed righteousness and had Vasudeva's protection. Bhishma concluded that Vasudeva is the creator of the worlds, sung by believers with devotion, and worthy of worship by all.
67 Bhishma spoke of Vasudeva, the Supreme Being, who created the worlds, gods, and Rishis. He is the God of all Gods, with lotus-petals-like eyes, and is known as Govinda, the Most Wonderful and the Most High. He created water, air, fire, and the Earth, and laid himself down on the waters, creating speech and the Vedas. He is Righteousness, the giver of boons, and the Actor and Action. He created Sankarshana and Sesha, who uphold all creatures and the Earth. He slew the Asura Madhu and is called the slayer of Madhu. He is the great Boar, Lion, and Three-stepped Lord, and the Mother and Father of all living creatures. From his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet, he created the Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras. Those who wait on him and observe vows can obtain him, the refuge of all embodied creatures. He is Hrishikesa, the lord of the senses, and the Preceptor, Father, and Master. Inexhaustible regions of blessedness are won by those with whom Krishna is gratified. He saves those who seek his protection and frequently read his description. Yudhishthira has sought the shelter of Kesava, the Lord of Yoga and the Lord of the Earth.
68 Bhishma spoke of the hymn uttered by Brahman, describing Vasudeva as the Master and Lord of gods and celestials. He is the God of gods, the Creator, and the sacrifice of sacrifices. Narada described him as the Master and Lord of the god of gods and all the Sadhyas and celestials. Markandeya spoke of him as the Past, Present, and Future, and the austerity of austerities. Bhrigu said he is the God of gods, with an ancient form of Vishnu. Dwaipayana described him as Vasudeva of the Vasus, the establisher of Sakra, and the God of gods and all creatures. In days of old, the sages spoke of him as Daksha, the Father of creation. Angiras said he is the creator of all beings. Devala noted that the unmanifest is his body, and the manifest is in his mind, and the gods are all the result of his breath. Bhishma emphasized that Vasudeva is the Sat of Sat, with Rishis gratified with sight of Self. He is the sole refuge for royal sages of liberal minds, never retreating from battle and having morality as their highest end. The illustrious and Supreme Being, Hari, is adored and worshipped by Sanatkumar and other ascetics endued with Yoga. Bhishma told Duryodhana that he should turn his heart to Kesava and make peace with the Pandavas, as disregarding Nara and Narayana would lead to destruction. He warned that the Pandavas are invincible and have never been vanquished in battle, and that Krishna bears great love for them. Bhishma advised Duryodhana to restrain his passions and enjoy the Earth with his mighty brothers, and not to disregard the divine Nara and Narayana.
69 Sanjaya described the battle between the Pandavas and Dhartarashtras in great detail. Bhishma, protected by a large division of cars, led the Kaurava army, while the Pandavas formed an invincible array called the Syena, with Bhimasena at its beak. Arjuna was in the neck, and Satyaki, Dhrishtadyumna, and others were stationed in various parts of the array. Bhima, filled with rage, penetrated the Kaurava array and approached Bhishma, who shot his mighty weapons, confounding the Pandava combatants. Arjuna, undaunted, countered Bhishma's weapons and stood ready for battle, his Gandiva bow shining in the sunlight. Duryodhana, remembering the slaughter of his brothers on the previous day, approached Drona and asked for his help in vanquishing the Pandavas. Drona, determined to fulfill his duty, penetrated the Pandava array, his weapons flashing in the sunlight. Satyaki, however, checked him, and a fierce battle ensued, with many warriors exchanging blows. Abhimanyu and the sons of Draupadi fought valiantly, their weapons and armor shining in the sunlight. Sikhandin, filled with rage, rushed against Bhishma and Drona, his weapons flashing in the sunlight. Bhishma, however, avoided him, remembering his femininity, and Drona rushed to protect Bhishma. The battle raged on, with both sides desiring victory and fame. The sound of weapons and armor filled the air, and the earth shook beneath the feet of the warriors. The Pandavas and the Kauravas fought with all their might, determined to emerge victorious.
70 Sanjaya described the fierce battle between the Kaurava and Pandava armies. Bhishma, the son of Santanu, fought fiercely to protect the Kaurava sons from Bhimasena's wrath. The battle was awful and destructive, with tremendous din and shrieks of elephants and steeds. Heads and limbs were cut off, and the earth was covered with bodies and ornaments. The field was strewn with mail-clad bodies, and the dust raised by the warriors looked like a thick cloud. The noise of weapons resembled thunder, and a river of blood flowed on the field. Kshatriya warriors poured arrowy showers, and elephants and steeds ran wildly, creating a chaotic scene. Headless trunks stood up, and kings rushed to battle, their weapons flashing in the sunlight. Brave warriors slew one another with arrows, darts, and maces, their strength and valor on full display. Elephants and steeds without riders ran wildly, trampling fallen warriors, and those who still fought jumped up and fell down, their bodies broken and battered. Heaps of arms, heads, and ornaments lay over the field, a grim reminder of the destruction wrought by the war. The Kshatriya warriors slew one another, urged on by fate, their duty, and their desire for victory. The field of battle was terrible to behold, with fallen and falling warriors and those weltering in agony, their cries and groans filling the air. The earth was soaked with blood, and the dust raised by the warriors hung in the air like a cloud, obscuring the sun. In this chaotic and bloody scene, king Duryodhana, surrounded by a large division of Kalingas, and placing Bhishma ahead, rushed towards the Pandavas, determined to vanquish them. The Pandava combatants, supporting Vrikodara, and owning fleet animals, rushed, excited with rage, against Bhishma, their weapons flashing in the sunlight. The battle raged on, with no end in sight, the warriors fighting on, their strength and valor unbroken.
71 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Arjuna, with his weapons and standard, rushed against Bhishma, striking fear into the hearts of the Kauravas. Arjuna's standard, bearing the device of a lion's tail, shone like a blazing mountain. His bow, Gandiva, was decked with gold and flashed like lightning. Arjuna's shouts and slaps were loud, and his arrowy showers poured down like a raging tempest. The Kauravas were confounded and sought Bhishma's protection. Bhishma, the son of Santanu, became their protector, but the Pandavas continued to slaughter the Kaurava troops. The dust raised by the warriors made the field of battle awful, and the sound of weapons was a tremendous uproar. Flashes of lightning were seen, and meteors fell with thundering noise. The sun disappeared, and the warriors were deprived of their senses. Weapons hurled from heroic arms illuminated the welkin, and variegated shields were strewn all over the field. Heads and limbs were cut off, and car-warriors fell down, their steeds slain and standards tumbling.
72 Sanjaya described the battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Sikhandin and Virata approached Bhishma, while Arjuna encountered Drona and Kripa. Bhimasena fought Duryodhana and Dussaha, and Sahadeva battled Sakuni and Uluka. Yudhishthira led the Pandava forces against the Kaurava elephant division. Nakula fought the Trigartas, and Satyaki and Abhimanyu battled Salya and the Kaikeyas. Dhrishtaketu and Ghatotkacha engaged the Kaurava car division, and Dhrishtadyumna clashed with Drona. The battle raged on, with cars and standards moving across the field. Warriors shouted and arrows flew, making it impossible to distinguish the sky, sun, or directions. The field shone with the bodies of monarchs and the splendor of weapons. Bhishma checked Bhimasena's advance, and the two exchanged blows. Satyaki attacked Bhishma, who felled his charioteer and sent his steeds bolting. The Pandava forces rallied, and the battle continued, with both sides determined to win.
73 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. King Virata pierced Bhishma with three shafts, and Bhishma retaliated by piercing Virata's steeds. Drona's son, Aswatthaman, pierced Arjuna with six shafts, but Arjuna cut off his bow and pierced him with five shafts. Aswatthaman took up another bow and pierced Arjuna and Krishna with numerous arrows. Arjuna, excited with rage, fixed fierce shafts on his bowstring and pierced Aswatthaman, who wavered not. The Kuru warriors applauded Aswatthaman's feat. Arjuna showed mercy to Aswatthaman, avoiding him and moving on to fight other warriors. Bhima pierced Duryodhana with ten shafts, and Duryodhana retaliated by piercing Bhima. Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra, pierced Chitrasena and others with numerous shafts, and they retaliated by piercing him. Lakshmana, Duryodhana's son, fell upon Abhimanyu, but Abhimanyu slew his steeds and charioteer. Lakshmana hurled a dart at Abhimanyu, but Abhimanyu cut it off with his arrows. Kripa bore Lakshmana away from the conflict, and the battle raged on, with warriors on both sides determined to win.
74 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Satyaki and Bhurisravas, which was like a swelling fire that seemed to consume everything in its path. Satyaki, invincible in battle, shot innumerable arrows, displaying his wonderful lightness of hand, which was like a mass of clouds pouring a thick shower of rain. King Duryodhana, beholding Satyaki's prowess, sent ten thousand cars against him, but Satyaki slew them all, his bow and arrows moving with lightning speed. Bhurisravas, enraged at the sight of his comrades falling, rushed against Satyaki, shooting thousands of shafts that seemed to have the strength of the thunder. Satyaki's followers, unable to bear the brunt of Bhurisravas's attack, fled away, abandoning Satyaki in that conflict. The sons of Yuyudhana, mighty car-warriors, approached Bhurisravas, challenging him to fight, their bows and arrows at the ready. Bhurisravas, proud of his prowess, accepted the challenge, saying he would slay them all. The battle raged on, with Bhurisravas alone on one side and the many united on the other. The sons of Yuyudhana covered Bhurisravas with arrows, but he cut them off and slew them, his sword and shield moving with deadly precision. Satyaki, enraged at the sight of his comrades falling, rushed against Bhurisravas, his sword and shield flashing in the sunlight. The two engaged in a fierce combat, their swords clashing and their shields colliding. Bhimasena, beholding Satyaki's plight, took him up on his car, and Duryodhana took Bhurisravas on his. The Pandavas fought with Bhishma, their bows and arrows moving with lightning speed. Arjuna slew twenty-five thousand car-warriors, his bow and arrows moving with deadly precision. The sun disappeared, and the combatants withdrew to their camps, exhausted and fearful. The battle was like a swelling fire that seemed to consume everything in its path, leaving destruction and death in its wake.
75 Sanjaya described the battle preparations of both the Kurus and Pandavas. King Yudhishthira ordered Dhrishtadyumna to form the Makara array, with Drupada and Dhananjaya at the head, Sahadeva and Nakula as the eyes, Bhimasena as the beak, and Subhadra's son and others in the neck. The five Kekaya brothers formed the left wing, and Dhrishtaketu and Chekitana the right wing. The army proceeded against the Kauravas, who formed a counter-array in the shape of a huge crane, with Drona at the beak and Aswatthaman and Kripa as the eyes. The battle commenced, with elephants, horses, cars, and infantry engaging each other. The Pandavas and Kauravas fought fiercely, with Bhimasena and Arjuna leading the charge. Drona pierced Bhima with nine shafts, but Bhima killed Drona's charioteer. Drona then began to consume the Pandava army, causing them to flee. The Kauravas also suffered losses, with Bhima and Arjuna mangling their troops. The battle raged on, with both sides determined to win. Sanjaya described the scene as a wonderful sight, with troops fighting regardless of their lives.
76 Dhritarashtra described his army as possessing many excellencies, with diverse forces, great efficiency, and attachment to him. The soldiers are well-trained, equipped, and skilled in various weapons and exercises. They are respectable, honest, and renowned, with many Kshatriyas and mighty heroes protecting them. He likened his army to a vast, shoreless ocean, with elephants, cars, and steeds constituting its waves, and swords, maces, and arrows its oars. He believed that fate was the only reason his army could be slaughtered, despite its strength and preparations. He recalled Vidura's wise counsel, which his son Duryodhana had rejected. Dhritarashtra believed that Vidura had foreseen the outcome and that the Creator's ordinance must be fulfilled. He wondered if all that was happening was pre-arranged, and his army's slaughter was inevitable.
77 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that his calamity was due to his own fault, as he had ignored the faults in his conduct towards the Pandavas. Bhimasena broke through the Kaurava array, causing fear among the warriors. Dhrishtadyumna, finding Bhima's empty car, was grief-stricken but then followed his tracks, determined to support him. He found Bhima consuming the hostile ranks and was comforted by his presence. The Kaurava warriors attacked them, but Dhrishtadyumna used the Pramohana weapon, depriving them of their senses. Drona neutralized the weapon and rescued the princes. Yudhishthira ordered his troops to follow Bhima and Dhrishtadyumna, and Abhimanyu led the charge, breaking through the Kaurava ranks. Dhrishtadyumna and Bhima continued to smite down the enemy, and Drona cut off Dhrishtadyumna's bow and slew his steeds. The Pandava army trembled, and Drona's sharp shafts caused them to flee in eddies, filling the Kaurava troops with delight.
78 Sanjaya said, "King Duryodhana, regaining his senses, began to resist Bhima with a fierce barrage of arrows. Bhima, with his powerful bow, retaliated by piercing Duryodhana and his brothers with sharp shafts. Duryodhana, undeterred, struck Bhima with a long and exceedingly sharp arrow, aiming for his vitals. However, Bhima, his eyes blazing with wrath, forcefully drew his bow and struck Duryodhana in return with three swift shafts. The younger brothers of Duryodhana, remembering their previously formed scheme to afflict Vrikodara, firmly resolved to smite him down. With a united front, they charged at Bhima, but he, with his immense strength, rushed against them like an elephant in musth. Excited with fury and endued with great energy, Bhima afflicted Chitrasena and other sons of Dhritarashtra with diverse shafts, furnished with wings of gold and endued with great impetus. King Yudhishthira, disposing all his own divisions properly, dispatched twelve mighty car-warriors, including Abhimanyu and others, to follow Bhimasena behind and provide support. They proceeded against the Kaurava princes, who, unable to withstand the onslaught, abandoned Bhima and fled in terror. The sons of Kunti, however, could not bear the sight of their enemies fleeing alive and sought to pursue them."
79 Sanjaya said, "Abhimanyu and Bhimasena pursued thy sons, afflicting them all. The Kaurava warriors, including Duryodhana, rushed to the spot, and a dreadful conflict ensued. Abhimanyu slew Vikarna's steeds and pierced him with arrows. Vikarna then mounted Chitrasena's car, and the two brothers were covered in showers of arrows by Abhimanyu. Durjaya and Vikarna pierced Abhimanyu, but he stood firm like Mount Meru. Dussasana fought the five Kekaya brothers, and the sons of Draupadi resisted Duryodhana, piercing him with shafts. The Pandava army was afflicted by Bhishma, while Partha slaughtered the foe on the right flank. Headless trunks stood up by thousands, and the field of battle resembled an ocean of blood, with elephants and steeds constituting the islands and waves. Cars were the boats by which brave men crossed, and many combatants lay mutilated and dead. The field was strewn with the bodies of elephants, and neither army had a single unwilling fighter. The warriors fought seeking glory and victory."
80 Sanjaya said, "When the sun turned red, King Duryodhana, filled with rage and desire for battle, rushed towards Bhima, who was equally excited with wrath. Bhima, his eyes blazing with fury, said, 'The hour I've desired for so many years has come. I'll slay you today if you don't abandon the battle.' He sped 36 shafts at Duryodhana, piercing his bow, charioteer, and steeds, and shattering his umbrella and standard. Jayadratha supported Duryodhana, and Kripa caused him to mount his car, deeply pierced by Bhimasena and feeling great pain. Abhimanyu and the Kekayas encountered thy sons, and Abhimanyu smote them with five shafts each, his bowstring unbroken and his arrows swift and deadly. Vikarna was pierced with 14 broad-headed shafts, and his standard and charioteer were slain, his steeds fallen and his car broken. Durmukha and Srutakarman exchanged blows, their bows and arrows clashing in mid-air. Satanika slew Jayatsena with a sharp arrow, and then pierced Dushkarna with seven arrows, slaying his steeds and charioteer. Five car-warriors surrounded Satanika, who slew them with sharp shafts, his bow singing and his arrows flying swift and true. The five Kekaya brothers approached, their bows and arrows at the ready, and thy sons Durmukha, Durjaya, Durmarshana, Satranjaya, and Satrusha rushed towards them, their cars clashing and their steeds neighing. A fierce battle ensued, the sound of drums and cymbals filling the air, and the earth shaking beneath the feet of the brave warriors. Many fell on both sides, increasing the population of Yama's kingdom. Bhishma slew many Pandava troops, his bow and arrows unbroken, and King Yudhishthira retired to his tents, his heart heavy with sorrow."
81 Sanjaya said, "The heroes, covered in blood, retired to their tents, then returned to battle after resting. Duryodhana, anxious and covered in blood, asked Bhishma, 'Our troops are fierce, yet the Pandavas penetrate our array and escape unhurt. Bhima afflicted me with terrible shafts, and I cannot regain my peace of mind.' Bhishma replied, 'I will contend against the Pandavas with my whole soul and throw away my life for your sake. I will fight with all my might and do what is agreeable to you.' Duryodhana was filled with confidence and delight, and ordered his troops to advance. The army, with diverse weapons, was cheerful and beautiful, with elephants, steeds, and foot-soldiers moving across the field. The dust raised by the troops shrouded the sun, and the banners waving in the air looked like flashes of lightning. The twang of bows and the roar of the troops was like the ocean's roar. The army, proud and fierce, looked like clouds at the end of the Yuga."
82 Sanjaya said, "Ganga's son, Bhishma, told Duryodhana, 'Many great warriors, including myself, Drona, and Salya, are prepared to fight for thee. We are capable of vanquishing the gods, but the Pandavas, with Vasudeva as their ally, are equal to Mahendra himself in prowess.' Bhishma then arrayed the troops in the Mandala formation, with thousands of horses, elephants, and cars. Duryodhana, accoutred in mail, sat upon his car, looking resplendent. The two armies, with car-warriors and horsemen, uttered leonine shouts and proceeded to battle. Many great warriors fought, including Bharadwaja's son, Aswatthaman, and Abhimanyu, who fought against the sons of Chitrasena and Vikarna. Arjuna, excited with wrath, addressed Krishna, saying, 'Behold the Dhartarashtra troops, arrayed by Bhishma. I shall slay them all today.' Arjuna then showered arrows on the multitude of kings, who returned his fire with thick showers of arrows. The two Krishnas were covered with arrows, and the gods and celestial Rishis were filled with wonder."
83 Sanjaya said, "As the battle raged on, Bhishma, the son of Ganga, proceeded against Arjuna, who was coming towards him on his chariot. The two armies clashed, and Bhishma was surrounded by the warriors of the Trigartas. Meanwhile, Drona pierced Virata with arrows and killed his steeds and charioteer. Virata fled, and Drona checked the Pandava host. Sikhandin struck Aswatthaman with arrows, but Aswatthaman overthrew Sikhandin's charioteer and steeds. Sikhandin took up a scimitar and shield and moved on the field, but Aswatthaman pierced him with arrows. Satyaki pierced Alamvusha with arrows, and the Rakshasa fled. Dhrishtadyumna covered Duryodhana with arrows, but Duryodhana pierced him in return. The commander of the Pandava army slew Duryodhana's steeds and pierced him with arrows. Sakuni caused Duryodhana to mount his car, and Dhrishtadyumna began to slaughter the Kuru troops. Kritavarman covered Bhima with arrows, but Bhima slew his steeds and charioteer and pierced him with arrows."
84 Dhritarashtra lamented that his warriors, despite their bravery, were not cheerful and were being consistently defeated by the Pandavas. Sanjaya replied that the Pandavas were indeed valiant and his warriors were fighting well, but fate was against them. He described the fierce battles between the two sides, including the intense duel between Iravat and the two princes of Avanti, who showered him with arrows. Iravat, however, retaliated with a barrage of arrows, sending the princes fleeing. Another notable battle was the fight between Ghatotkacha and Bhagadatta, who rode a powerful elephant. Ghatotkacha's arrows were relentless, but Bhagadatta's elephant was unfazed, and the ruler of the Pragjyotishas struck back with lances. The battle raged on, with neither side giving in. Meanwhile, the ruler of the Madras fought against his sister's sons, the twins, and was eventually struck by Sahadeva's powerful arrow. The twins then blew their conches and charged towards the Dhartarashtra forces, causing chaos and destruction in their wake."
85 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Yudhishthira and Srutayush, with both warriors exchanging blows and demonstrating their prowess. Yudhishthira eventually gained the upper hand, striking Srutayush with a long arrow and slaying his steeds and charioteer. Srutayush fled, and Yudhishthira began to slay Duryodhana's troops like Death himself. Meanwhile, Chekitana and Gautama engaged in a fierce duel, exchanging arrows and blows until both fell exhausted. Karakarsha and Sakuni intervened, rescuing their comrades. Other battles raged on, including Dhrishtaketu vs. Somadatta's son, Abhimanyu vs. Chitrasena, Vikarna, and Durmarshana, and Arjuna vs. Susarman and other kings. The Pandavas fought valiantly, with Arjuna urging Vasudeva to drive their chariot into the heart of the enemy's army."
86 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Arjuna and the Trigarta warriors, who struck him with numerous shafts. Arjuna, drawing long breaths like a trodden snake, cut off their bows and pierced them with his shafts, demonstrating his superior archery skills. Many warriors fell, covered in blood, with mangled limbs or heads struck off. The ruler of the Trigartas advanced, determined to defeat Arjuna, but was swiftly vanquished along with his companions. The Pandava warriors, led by Sikhandin, protected Arjuna's car, while Yudhishthira and Bhima proceeded towards Bhishma, determined to defeat him. Jayadratha, however, cut off Sikhandin's bow, attempting to disable him. Undeterred, Sikhandin took up another weapon and resisted Salya's fierce attacks, showcasing his bravery and skill. Meanwhile, Bhishma cut off Yudhishthira's bow and standard, and Bhimasena rushed at Jayadratha with a mace, determined to avenge his brother's defeat. Jayadratha pierced Bhimasena with numerous arrows, but he was unfazed, slaying the king of Sindhu's steeds and demonstrating his incredible strength. Chitrasena rushed at Bhimasena, but he was not deterred, and the Kauravas fled, fearing the fall of Bhimasena's mace."
87 Sanjaya described the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas, with Bhishma, the son of Santanu, fiercely attacking Yudhishthira, causing the Srinjayas to tremble with fear. Yudhishthira, accompanied by the twins, approached Bhishma, shooting thousands of arrows, which Bhishma received and counterattacked, making Yudhishthira invisible. Yudhishthira then shot a long arrow, but Bhishma cut it off and slew his steeds. Yudhishthira mounted Nakula's car, and Bhishma covered them with arrows, causing the Pandavas to surround him. However, Bhishma sported with his bow, felling many warriors, and the battle raged on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. Sikhandin attacked Bhishma, but he disregarded him due to his femininity, and the Srinjayas were filled with joy. The battle continued, with Dhrishtadyumna and Satyaki afflicting the Kaurava army, and Vinda and Anuvinda attacking Prishata's son. Arjuna fought against many Kshatriya warriors, while Drona consumed the Panchalas like fire. The sun became invisible, and the field of battle became dreadful, with spirits and jackals howling hideously, forboding evil. The warriors retired to their tents, exhausted, and the Pandavas and Kauravas ceased to fight, awaiting the next day's battle."
88 Sanjaya described the formation of the Kaurava and Pandava armies. Bhishma, Drona, and other Kaurava warriors formed a mighty array, while Yudhishthira and the Pandavas formed a counter-array called Sringataka. The Pandava array had Bhimasena and Satyaki at the horns, Arjuna in the center, and Abhimanyu and Ghatotkacha in the rear. The two armies clashed , with warriors challenging each other by name and engaging in fierce combat. Whetted shafts fell like snakes, and polished darts shone like lightning flashes. Maces, sabers, and shields were seen all over the field, and the armies looked resplendent like celestial and demoniac hosts. Car-warriors dashed against each other, and elephants generated flashes of fire as they clashed. Foot-soldiers fought with bare arms or lances, and the warriors of both sides sent each other to the abode of Yama. Bhishma rushed against the Pandavas, and the Pandava car-warriors countered him firmly resolved on fight."
89 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Bhishma and the Pandavas. Bhishma, excited with rage, scorching every side, felled many Pandava warriors. The Panchalas and Somakas rushed at him, but he cut off their arms and heads. Bhima alone could resist Bhishma, and their encounter caused a fierce uproar. Duryodhana and his brothers protected Bhishma, but Bhima slew seven of them. Bhima then killed Aparajita, Kundadhara, Panditaka, Visalaksha, Mahodara, Adityaketu, and Vahvasin. Duryodhana, afflicted with sorrow, addressed his troops, saying, "There is Bhima. Let him be slain." However, Bhima continued to slay the Kauravas, and Duryodhana lamented to Bhishma, saying, "My heroic brothers have been slain. I am overwhelmed with grief." Bhishma, with tears in his eyes, reminded Duryodhana of his previous warnings and advised him to fight with the Pandavas, making heaven his goal."
90 Dhritarashtra lamented the fall of his sons and questioned Sanjaya about Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa's actions in battle. Sanjaya replied that despite being surrounded by great warriors, Duryodhana's army was being destroyed due to fate. He reminded Dhritarashtra of Vidura's warnings, which had gone unheeded. The Pandava army, divided into three, attacked Bhishma, while Arjuna and others targeted the Kaurava kings. Drona and Bhima wreaked havoc on the enemy, causing a river of blood to flow. The battle raged on, with elephants and horses falling, and the earth strewn with bodies and broken weapons. The Pandava and Kaurava armies suffered heavy losses, and the earth shone with the beauty of fallen warriors. The scene was one of utter chaos and destruction, with the sounds of wailing and shrieking filling the air. The once-green battlefield was now a sea of red, with blood-soaked bodies lying everywhere. The Pandavas and Kauravas fought with all their might, but it seemed that fate was against the Kauravas. Bhishma, Drona, and Kripa fought valiantly, but even they could not stem the tide of defeat. As the battle raged on, it became clear that the Pandavas would emerge victorious."
91 Sanjaya described the battle to Dhritarashtra, telling him about Sakuni's attack on the Pandavas and Iravat, Arjuna's son, who was born to a Naga princess. Iravat, with his cavalry, charged into battle, and his horses, adorned with gold, clashed with the Kaurava steeds. The warriors on both sides fought fiercely, and the sounds of clashing horses and weapons filled the air. Iravat, excited with rage, struck down many Kaurava warriors, but was eventually slain by the Rakshasa Alamvusha. The battle raged on, with many warriors on both sides falling. Bhishma, with his shafts, caused the Pandava army to tremble, while Bhimasena and Satyaki fought valiantly. Drona's prowess struck fear into the Pandavas, and they thought that even he alone could slay them. The battle was fierce and destructive, with neither side forgiving the other. The earth was strewn with the bodies of the dead and the dying, and the cries of the afflicted filled the air. The warriors fought with all their might, driven by their desire for victory and their loyalty to their lords. The clash of weapons and the scent of blood filled the air, and the battlefield was a scene of utter chaos and destruction. The brave combatants of neither army forgave their adversaries, and the battle raged on, unabated and unrelenting.
92 Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya to describe Arjuna's actions after Iravat's death. Sanjaya said that Ghatotkacha, Bhimasena's son, roared loudly, causing the earth and sky to tremble. The troops were terrified, and Duryodhana tried to rally them. Ghatotkacha, enraged, charged at Duryodhana, who was surrounded by an elephant division. A fierce battle ensued, with the Rakshasas using various weapons to smite the elephants. Duryodhana fought back, killing many Rakshasas, but Ghatotkacha was undeterred. He drew his bow and rushed at Duryodhana, who did not flinch. Ghatotkacha vowed to avenge his family's wrongs, including the exile of the Pandavas and the humiliation of Draupadi. He remembered how the Pandavas had been cheated in the game of dice and how Draupadi had been dragged into the assembly hall. He recalled how the ruler of the Sindhus had persecuted them during their exile. With these memories, Ghatotkacha covered Duryodhana with a shower of arrows, seeking vengeance. The battle raged on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The earth was strewn with the bodies of the dead and the dying, and the cries of the afflicted filled the air. Ghatotkacha's roars echoed through the battlefield, striking fear into the hearts of the Kaurava warriors. Duryodhana, however, remained steadfast, determined to defeat the Rakshasa and win the battle.
93 Sanjaya described the intense battle between Ghatotkacha and Duryodhana's forces. Ghatotkacha, filled with anger, shot a dart that could pierce a mountain, but the king of the Vangas, Bhagadatta, intervened and protected Duryodhana. The dart struck and killed Bhagadatta's elephant, and Ghatotkacha's eyes turned red with anger. Duryodhana shot an arrow at Ghatotkacha, but he dodged it and shouted fiercely, frightening the Kuru troops. Bhishma and other warriors rushed to Duryodhana's aid, but Ghatotkacha stood firm, surrounded by his kinsmen. A fierce battle ensued, with the sound of twanging bows and falling weapons filling the air. The earth shook, and the sky grew dark as the two forces clashed. Ghatotkacha cut off the preceptor's bow and pierced several warriors, including Valhika, Kripa, and Vikarna. He also struck down the steeds of the king of Avanti and pierced King Vrihadvala. Filled with wrath, Ghatotkacha shot many bright arrows that succeeded in piercing Salya. The Kuru warriors were terrified, but Duryodhana rallied them, determined to defeat Ghatotkacha. The battle raged on, with neither side giving quarter. Ghatotkacha's roars echoed through the battlefield, striking fear into the hearts of the Kuru warriors.
94 Ghatotkacha shot a dart, killing the elephant, frightening Duryodhana's troops. Bhagadatta intervened, protecting Duryodhana, but Ghatotkacha's dart struck the elephant, killing it. Ghatotkacha dodged Duryodhana's arrow and shouted fiercely, frightening the Kuru troops. A fierce battle ensued, with Ghatotkacha cutting off bows and piercing warriors. He struck Valhika, Kripa, Vikarna, and Vrihadvala, and killed the steeds of the king of Avanti. Ghatotkacha's roars echoed through the battlefield, striking fear into the hearts of the Kuru warriors. Bhishma and other warriors rushed to Duryodhana's aid, but Ghatotkacha stood firm, surrounded by his kinsmen. The battle raged on, with neither side giving quarter. Ghatotkacha's strength and ferocity inspired awe, and his determination to avenge his family's wrongs drove him forward. The Kuru warriors were terrified, but Duryodhana rallied them, determined to defeat Ghatotkacha.
95 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that Duryodhana, filled with rage, attacked Bhimasena with a shower of arrows, cutting off his bow and piercing him with a crescent-shaped shaft. Bhimasena, undeterred, seized a mace and charged towards Duryodhana and Drona's son, who were advancing towards him with great speed. Many warriors attacked Bhimasena, who was rescued by Abhimanyu and other Pandava warriors, who rushed to his aid, determined to protect him. Nila, the ruler of the low country, attacked Drona's son, shooting many winged arrows and filling him with wrath. Drona's son retaliated, slaying Nila's steeds and piercing him in the chest with a sharp shaft. Ghatotkacha, filled with wrath, rushed towards Drona's son, who slew many Rakshasas with his arrows. Ghatotkacha exhibited a fierce and awful illusion, confounding Drona's son and causing panic among the Kaurava troops, who fled in all directions, thinking they saw their own comrades cut down and lying prostrate on the ground. The Pandavas, with Ghatotkacha at their head, uttered many leonine shouts and filled the air with the blare of their conches and the beat of their drums, proclaiming their victory. The Kaurava army, routed by Ghatotkacha's illusion, fled in disarray, abandoning their wounded and their dead. Sanjaya and Devavrata tried to rally them, but they would not stop, their senses having been confounded by Ghatotkacha's illusion.
96 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that Duryodhana, defeated and humiliated by Ghatotkacha, sought the help of Bhishma, the grandsire of the Kurus, to defeat the Rakshasa. Bhishma, wise and experienced, advised Duryodhana to fight with honor and suggested that Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotisha, could help him. Bhagadatta, a mighty warrior, rode into battle on his elephant Supratika, shooting arrows and causing chaos among the Pandava ranks. Bhimasena, Abhimanyu, and other Pandava warriors fought back valiantly, but Supratika was unstoppable, crushing cars and steeds with ease. Ghatotkacha, enraged by the sight of his friends in danger, hurled a dart at Bhagadatta, who cut it in two with an arrow. Ghatotkacha, undeterred, broke the dart and roared with anger, his eyes blazing with fury. Bhagadatta then shot arrows at the Pandava warriors, piercing Bhima and others, and causing them to stumble and fall. Bhima's charioteer was struck, and his standard was cut down, leaving him vulnerable and enraged. Bhima jumped down from his car and took up his mace, causing fear among the Kaurava troops, who trembled at the sight of his fury. Arjuna and Krishna arrived on the scene, their chariot flying the banner of the Pandavas, and the battle intensified, with arrows and spears flying in all directions. The sound of drums and conches filled the air, and the earth shook beneath the feet of the warriors. The battle raged on, with no end in sight, as the two armies clashed in a frenzy of steel and fire.
97 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that Arjuna was filled with grief upon learning of Iravat's death. Arjuna lamented the destruction of the Kurus and Pandavas, blaming Duryodhana and Sakuni for the war. He expressed his distaste for battle with kinsmen, but vowed to fight on. Krishna urged the horses on, and the Pandavas clashed with the Kauravas. Bhimasena slew several of Dhritarashtra's sons, while Arjuna and Abhimanyu fought valiantly. The battle raged on, with warriors on both sides displaying great prowess. The earth was strewn with bodies, weapons, and ornaments, and the field of battle was a sight to behold. As the fight continued, the two armies crushed each other, and the combatants became fatigued. As night fell, the battle ceased, and both sides withdrew their troops. The Kurus and Pandavas retired to their tents, exhausted.
98 Sanjaya told Dhritarashtra that Duryodhana, Sakuni, Dussasana, and Karna conspired to defeat the Pandavas. Duryodhana complained that Drona, Bhishma, and Kripa were not fighting their best, allowing the Pandavas to gain the upper hand. He expressed his frustration and desperation, feeling that his army was weakening and his weapons were being exhausted. Karna offered to kill the Pandavas after Bhishma retired from battle, pledging his truth and vowing to vanquish them. Duryodhana and his brothers approached Bhishma's tent, surrounded by soldiers and well-wishers. The procession was grand, with many mighty bowmen and warriors following behind. Duryodhana, adorned with ornaments and bracelets, looked radiant like the sun. He was followed by his brothers and others on steeds, elephants, and cars, creating a majestic spectacle. As they journeyed, bards and eulogists praised Duryodhana, who accepted their regards with his massive arm. He arrived at Bhishma's quarters, saluted him, and sat down on a golden seat. With tears in his eyes, Duryodhana asked Bhishma to show mercy and slay the Pandavas, or permit Karna to fight them. He appealed to Bhishma's sense of duty and honor, reminding him of his promise to protect the Kauravas.
99 Bhishma, deeply pierced by Duryodhana's words, remained silent for a long time, his eyes blazing with anger. Then, he addressed Duryodhana, saying, "Why do you pierce me with your words? I always endeavour to do what is good for you. The Pandavas are invincible, and I will not slay Sikhandin, who was born a female and became a male later. I will avoid him in battle." Bhishma reflected on his encounter with Arjuna and thought about the coming battle. Duryodhana, understanding Bhishma's thoughts, commanded his troops to prepare for battle, saying, "Today, Bhishma will slay all the Somakas." Bhishma, determined to protect Duryodhana, vowed to fight fiercely, but avoid Sikhandin. Duryodhana, anxious to protect Bhishma, ordered his troops to surround him with cars and elephants, saying, "If Bhishma is protected, our victory is certain." The Kaurava army, with Bhishma at its helm, advanced towards the Pandavas, shaking the earth and causing fear in their hearts. Arjuna, observing Bhishma's position, placed Sikhandin in front of him, saying, "I will protect him, and he will slay Bhishma."
100 Sanjaya described the battle formation of the Kaurava army, with Bhishma at the forefront, surrounded by notable warriors like Kripa, Kritavarman, and Sakuni. Drona, Bhurisravas, and Salya stood on the right wing, while Aswatthaman and Somadatta protected the left wing. Duryodhana was in the midst of the array, surrounded by the Trigartas. The Pandava army, led by King Yudhishthira, formed their array with Bhimasena, Nakula, Sahadeva, and other notable warriors. As the two armies clashed, loud conches, drums, and cymbals were sounded, and the earth trembled. Fierce winds blew, and birds and animals behaved strangely, foreboding an awful carnage. The quarters seemed ablaze, and showers of dust and pieces of bones mixed with blood fell from the sky. The two hosts shook like forests in a tempest, and the noise of the encounter resembled the roar of oceans tossed by the wind.
101 Sanjaya describes Abhimanyu's valor in battle, scattering the Kaurava army with his arrowy showers like clouds pouring torrents of rain. Abhimanyu's feats are praised by the rulers of the earth, and he is likened to Vasava himself, armed with the thunder. His bow is drawn in a circle, and his shafts are compared to flights of bees from blossoming trees. The Kaurava army is routed, and Duryodhana orders the Rakshasa Alamvusha to slay Abhimanyu. Alamvusha attacks Abhimanyu, but the Pandava prince is not intimidated. The sons of Draupadi come to his aid, and a fierce battle ensues. Alamvusha is pierced with whetted shafts, but he regains his consciousness and strikes back, slaying the steeds and charioteers of the Pandava brothers. Abhimanyu, enraged, attacks Alamvusha, and their battle is likened to that between Vritra and Vasava. The two warriors exchange blows, their eyes blazing with wrath, and their engagement is fierce and awful, like the battle between the gods and Asuras. The earth trembles, and the quarters seem ablaze as the two warriors clash. The Pandava army watches in awe as Abhimanyu and Alamvusha engage in a fierce duel, their valor and prowess on full display.
102 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the battle between Abhimanyu and Alamvusha. Sanjaya narrates how the two warriors exchanged blows, with Abhimanyu piercing Alamvusha with sharp shafts and the Rakshasa retaliating with clouds of winged arrows. Abhimanyu invoked the solar weapon to dispel the darkness caused by Alamvusha's powers of illusion. The Rakshasa was eventually defeated and fled in fear. Bhishma then covered Abhimanyu with a thick shower of arrows, but the latter continued to grind down the Kaurava troops. Arjuna arrived on the scene, and a fierce battle ensued between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. Satyaki and Kripa engaged in a duel, with Satyaki ultimately emerging victorious. Drona's son, Aswatthaman, then arrived and cut off Satyaki's bow, but the latter took up another bow and continued to fight. The battle raged on, with various warriors exhibiting their prowess.
103 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya how Drona and Arjuna, who hold each other in high esteem, fought against each other. Sanjaya explains that in battle, they did not show any regard for each other and fought fiercely. Arjuna pierced Drona with three shafts, but Drona did not flinch. Drona then covered Arjuna with many straight shafts. The ruler of the Trigartas and his son also attacked Arjuna, but he received their arrowy showers with his own. Arjuna then shot the Vayavya weapon, which caused a wind that agitated the welkin and smote down the hostile troops. Drona countered with the Saila weapon, which calmed the wind. Arjuna then made the Trigarta warriors turn back. Duryodhana and other warriors surrounded Arjuna, while Bhagadatta and Srutayush surrounded Bhima with an elephant division. Bhima jumped down from his car and began to consume the elephant division with his mace, looking like the Sun in the midst of clouds. He slaughtered the elephants, and those that remained fled, causing Duryodhana's troops to flee once more.
104 Sanjaya describes a fierce battle between Bhishma and the Pandavas, with Bhishma consuming their ranks with keen shafts. The Pandavas, including Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Drupada, strike Bhishma with numerous arrows, but he pierces them in return. The five sons of Draupadi and other warriors rush to protect the Panchalas, and a general engagement ensues. Cars, elephants, and steeds are destroyed, and many warriors fall. The battlefield is filled with the sounds of shrieking elephants, neighing steeds, and the clash of weapons. A river of blood flows, with bows and arrows forming its eddies and steeds its fishes. The Kshatriyas seek to cross the river, but it swells the population of Yama's kingdom. The combatants lament the slaughter, blaming Duryodhana's avarice and envy for the sons of Pandu. Duryodhana urges Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and Salya to fight on, and the battle resumes.
105 Sanjaya describes a fierce battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, with Arjuna single-handedly sending many Kshatriyas to their death. Susarman, the ruler of the Trigartas, pierces Arjuna with his shafts, but Arjuna's valor and prowess are unmatched. The Pandavas and Kauravas engage in a chaotic battle, with warriors fleeing in all directions, abandoning their steeds, cars, and elephants. Duryodhana, determined to protect the ruler of the Trigartas, attacks Arjuna with all his might, supported by his brothers and Bhishma. The Pandavas, including Satyaki, Drupada, and Bhimasena, fight valiantly, determined to rescue Arjuna. Satyaki checks Kritavarman, and Drupada pierces Drona with many whetted shafts. Bhimasena deprives king Valhika of his chariot, and Satyaki rains arrows on Bhishma, who hurls a mighty dart at him. However, Satyaki baffles it with his celerity of movement, and the dart falls to the ground. Satyaki then takes up his own dart and hurls it at Bhishma's car, but Bhishma cuts it in twain with his horse-shoe-headed arrows. The battle rages on, with the Pandavas and Kauravas exchanging blows and showing their valor and prowess. The Pandavas surround Bhishma to rescue Satyaki, and a fierce battle ensues, with arrows and shafts flying in all directions. The sound of conchs and drums fills the air, and the earth shakes beneath the feet of the warriors.
106 Sanjaya describes a fierce battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, with Bhishma, the great bowman, surrounded by the Pandavas like the Sun in the firmament. Duryodhana, determined to protect Bhishma, orders Dussasana to surround him with a large force. Sakuni's son checks Nakula, Sahadeva, and Yudhishthira with a strong body of horsemen, causing the earth to tremble and a cloud of dust to rise. The Pandava army is agitated, but Yudhishthira, Nakula, and Sahadeva quickly check the charge of the horsemen, cutting off their heads with sharp shafts. The Pandavas vanquish their foes, causing Duryodhana to fill with grief. He asks the ruler of the Madras, Salya, to resist Yudhishthira, and Salya proceeds with a large body of cars to where Yudhishthira is. Yudhishthira pierces Salya with ten shafts, and Nakula and Sahadeva strike him with seven straight shafts. Salya retaliates, piercing Yudhishthira with sixty sharp-pointed arrows and striking each of the sons of Madri with two shafts. Bhima, seeing Yudhishthira in danger, quickly proceeds to his side, and a fierce battle commences. The sound of conchs and drums fills the air, and the earth shakes beneath the feet of the warriors. The battle rages on, with arrows and shafts flying in all directions. The Pandavas and Kauravas are evenly matched, and it seems that the battle will never end. Sanjaya's words paint a vivid picture of the carnage and destruction, a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of war.
107 Sanjaya describes a fierce battle between Bhishma and the Pandavas. Bhishma, excited with wrath, strikes the Pandavas and their troops with excellent shafts, piercing each of them with multiple shafts. The Pandavas retaliate, but Bhishma continues to fight, consuming his foes like a fire. He fells elephants and car-warriors, and his shafts tell on the foe. The earth is strewn with broken cars, coats of mail, and bodies of warriors. Fourteen thousand car-warriors are slain, and the Pandava army breaks, fleeing in all directions. Arjuna and Vasudeva rally the troops, and Arjuna vows to slay Bhishma. Vasudeva urges the steeds on, and Arjuna covers Bhishma's car with arrows. Bhishma takes up another bow and shoots arrows at Arjuna's car, but Vasudeva displays great skill in managing the steeds, baffling the arrows. Arjuna and Bhishma exchange blows, their valor and prowess unwavering. Vasudeva, filled with wrath, jumps down from the car and rushes towards Bhishma, whip in hand, desirous of slaying him. Bhishma draws his bow, fearless, and addresses Vasudeva, "Come, O thou of eyes like lotus petals. I bow to thee. O best of the Satwatas, throw me down today in this great battle." Arjuna seizes Vasudeva, stopping him from slaying Bhishma, and vows to slay the grandsire himself.
108 Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra that the Pandavas and Vasudeva have decided to consult with Bhishma about how to defeat him. They approach Bhishma, who welcomes them and offers to give them advice on how to win the battle. Yudhishthira asks Bhishma how they can defeat him, and Bhishma replies that as long as he is alive, the Pandavas cannot win. However, he gives them permission to strike him down, revealing that he will not fight back if he is attacked by someone who was once a woman, referring to Sikhandin, who was born as a woman but later became a man. Bhishma tells the Pandavas to place Sikhandin in front of them and attack him with arrows. He says that he will not defend himself against Sikhandin, giving the Pandavas an opportunity to defeat him. Arjuna is hesitant to fight Bhishma, but Vasudeva encourages him to do so, reminding him of his duty as a Kshatriya. Arjuna agrees to fight, and the Pandavas and Vasudeva retire to their beds, ready to face Bhishma in battle the next day.
109 Dhritarashtra, eager to know the outcome of the battle, asks Sanjaya to describe the events that unfolded. Sanjaya begins his account, describing how the Pandavas, led by Sikhandin, advanced against Bhishma, who was determined to defeat them. Bhishma, enraged by the Pandavas' attack, unleashed a fierce counterattack, striking down many warriors and horses. His bow seemed to be always drawn, and his arrows flew in all directions, causing destruction everywhere. The Pandavas rallied and attacked Bhishma from all sides, but he single-handedly held them off, earning their admiration. Sikhandin, determined to kill Bhishma, pierced him with three shafts, but Bhishma refused to fight back, recognizing Sikhandin as a former woman. Arjuna, seeing Sikhandin's determination, urged him to continue fighting, promising to protect him from behind. Bhishma, unfazed, continued to fight, determined to defeat the Pandavas. The battle raged on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. Bhishma's prowess was unmatched, but the Pandavas refused to back down, determined to emerge victorious. Arjuna, Satyaki, and other Pandava warriors fought valiantly, but Bhishma's defenses were impenetrable. As the battle continued, Bhishma's glory and valor became evident to all. His arrows struck down countless warriors, and his very presence seemed to terrify the Pandavas. Yet, despite their fear, they refused to retreat, knowing that their cause was just. The battle raged on, with no end in sight, as Bhishma and the Pandavas clashed in a display of strength and valor.
110 Dhritarashtra, eager to know the outcome of the battle, asks Sanjaya to describe the events that unfolded. Sanjaya recounts how Sikhandin, filled with wrath, attacked Bhishma, who was determined to defeat him. Bhishma's bow and car were untouched, and he continued to slaughter the Pandava troops with his swift and deadly arrows. The Pandavas were unable to defeat Bhishma, who was like Death himself, armed with the lance. Arjuna, also known as Dhananjaya, arrived on the scene, frightening the Kuru warriors with his roars and arrows. His chariot, driven by Krishna, was unstoppable, and his bow was drawn with ease, scattering showers of arrows everywhere. Duryodhana, under the influence of terror, begged Bhishma to protect him from Arjuna. Bhishma vowed to fulfill his promise to kill ten thousand Kshatriyas daily and either slay the Pandavas or die trying. He attacked the Pandava host with renewed vigor, determined to fulfill his vow. The Pandavas resisted, but Bhishma slew hundreds of thousands, including elephants, horses, and foot soldiers. No one could withstand him, and the Pandavas were afflicted, but they continued to fight, surrounding Bhishma with a large force. A fierce battle ensued, with myriads of warriors clashing on all sides. Bhishma, like a cliff covered with masses of clouds, stood firm, his bow and arrows flashing in the sunlight. The Pandavas fought valiantly, but Bhishma's prowess was unmatched. He was the embodiment of death, and no one could escape his wrath. The battle raged on, with no end in sight, as Bhishma and the Pandavas clashed in a display of strength and valor.
111 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Bhishma, with Arjuna leading the charge. Sikhandin, Dhrishtadyumna, Abhimanyu, and other warriors join in, determined to defeat Bhishma. The Kauravas resist fiercely, with Dussasana engaging Arjuna in a intense duel. Other warriors also engage the Pandavas, with many displaying their prowess. The battle rages on, with arrows flying and swords clashing. Dhrishtadyumna urges the Pandavas to attack Bhishma, saying that Arjuna will protect them. The Pandavas press forward, determined to defeat Bhishma and gain the upper hand. Dussasana and Arjuna engage in a fierce duel, exchanging blows and showing their skill. Dussasana pierces Arjuna with three shafts, but Arjuna retaliates, piercing Dussasana with a hundred shafts. Dussasana, enraged, pierces Arjuna in the forehead with three sharp shafts, but Arjuna remains unfazed. The duel between Dussasana and Arjuna is fierce and unrelenting, with neither able to gain the upper hand. However, Arjuna eventually gains the advantage, piercing Dussasana with many shafts and causing him to retreat to Bhishma's car. Bhishma's car becomes an island for Dussasana in the midst of the battle, providing him with a temporary reprieve. Despite being wounded, Dussasana continues to fight, resisting Arjuna with sharp arrows. The battle rages on, with no end in sight, as the Pandavas and Kauravas clash in a display of strength and valor.
112 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Many warriors engage in fierce duels, including Satyaki and Alamvusha, Bhagadatta and Satyaki, Abhimanyu and Sudakshina, and Aswatthaman and Virata. The battles are fierce and unrelenting, with each side determined to win. Duryodhana orders his brothers to surround Satyaki and kill him, but Satyaki fights bravely and holds off the Kaurava warriors. Meanwhile, Bhishma fights on, despite being pierced with many arrows. The battle rages on, with many warriors displaying their prowess. Kripa and Sahadeva engage in a fierce duel, as do Vikarna and Nakula. Durmukha fights Ghatotkacha, and Kritavarman battles Dhrishtadyumna. The Pandavas and Kauravas are evenly matched, and the battle is fierce and unrelenting. Arjuna fights his way through the Kaurava army, determined to reach Bhishma. Despite being resisted by all, Arjuna compels the Kauravas to turn back and crushes their troops.
113 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas, with Drona, a great bowman, penetrating the Pandava ranks and causing havoc. He tells his son, Aswatthaman, that this is the day Arjuna will exert himself to kill Bhishma, and that he sees ominous signs foreboding danger to the Kaurava army. Drona notes that Arjuna is advancing towards Bhishma, avoiding other warriors, and that his wrath is directed towards the Kuru grandsire. He describes Arjuna's prowess, saying that he is endued with great energy, powerful, brave, accomplished in weapons, and possessed of valour that is very active. Drona also notes that Arjuna is capable of shooting his arrows to a great distance and shooting them with force, and that he is acquainted with omens. Drona urges Aswatthaman to avoid Arjuna's path and fight for Bhishma's victory, predicting a great carnage and describing the Pandava army's strength, led by Yudhishthira, Arjuna, Bhimasena, and others. He notes that Yudhishthira's army is protected by Atirathas and that Satyaki, Abhimanyu, Dhrishtadyumna, Vrikodara, and the twins are all protecting the king. Drona decides to focus on Yudhishthira, while Aswatthaman should encounter Sikhandin and Bhimasena. He praises Abhimanyu's valor, noting that he is advancing at the head of the Pandava host like a second Phalguna. Drona urges Aswatthaman to take up his weapons and fight, keeping the duties of a Kshatriya in mind, and notes that Bhishma is also consuming the Pandava host.
114 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between Bhimasena and ten warriors of the Kaurava army, including Bhagadatta, Kripa, Salya, and Jayadratha. Bhimasena, filled with wrath, pierces each of them with multiple arrows, despite being pierced himself. He displays remarkable prowess, cutting off bows and killing steeds and charioteers. Jayadratha escapes and mounts Chitrasena's car. Bhimasena continues to fight valiantly, piercing each of the warriors with multiple arrows. The warriors, including Salya, Kripa, and Kritavarman, retaliate, piercing Bhimasena with sharp arrows. Bhimasena, unfazed, continues to fight, cutting off weapons and killing steeds. Arjuna arrives on the scene, and together, the two Pandava brothers become unstoppable. Duryodhana sends Susarman to attack Arjuna and Bhimasena, but they are undaunted. The battle rages on, with Bhimasena and Arjuna displaying remarkable valor and skill.
115 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Arjuna and Bhima fight valiantly, piercing many warriors with their arrows. Jayadratha, Salya, and Kripa retaliate, but Arjuna and Bhima continue to display their prowess. The battle rages on, with many warriors and animals being slain. Drona and the king of Magadhas arrive, and Drona pierces Bhima with eight arrows. Bhima retaliates, piercing Drona and the king of Magadhas. Arjuna destroys Susarman's troops, and Bhishma, Duryodhana, and Vrihadvala advance upon Bhimasena and Dhananjaya. The Pandava warriors, led by Yudhishthira, unite with the Srinjayas and fight against Bhishma. The Kaurava warriors, led by Bhishma, fight against the Pandavas. The battle is fierce, with Bhishma as the key to victory. Dhrishtadyumna commands the Pandava troops to attack Bhishma, and they advance, ready to lay down their lives. Bhishma receives the attack, standing firm like a continent against the surging sea.
116 Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe the tenth day of battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas, and how Bhishma fought. Sanjaya recounts that Bhishma, determined to fulfill his vow, caused great carnage among the Pandava army. Arjuna and Bhishma clashed, and the battle was fierce. Bhishma, tired of fighting, expressed his desire to be slain by the Pandavas. Yudhishthira and the Pandavas advanced, determined to conquer or die. The Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, Drona, and Bhishma, fought back with all their might. The battle was intense, with various kings and warriors engaging each other in fierce combat. The earth shook beneath their feet, and the din of conchs, drums, and weapons filled the air. The sky was darkened by the dust and arrows, and the battle raged on like a storm. Bhishma, the grandsire, fought valiantly, but the Pandavas were determined to conquer or die. Arjuna, with Sikhandin by his side, charged forward, his bow and arrow flashing in the sunlight. Bhishma, undaunted, stood firm, his own bow and arrow singing with deadly precision. The two warriors clashed, their arrows meeting in mid-air, their chariots wheeling and turning in a deadly dance. The other warriors joined the fray, their weapons flashing, their horses snorting, their chariots rumbling. The battle was fierce and intense, with no clear victor in sight. The Pandavas and Kauravas fought on, their valor and skill on full display, their determination to win driving them forward. As the battle raged on, the sun began to set, casting a golden glow over the field. The warriors fought on, their shadows stretching out across the ground, their weapons and armor glinting in the fading light. The battle was a spectacle, a display of valor and skill, a testament to the bravery of the warriors who fought on.
117 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas, with various warriors displaying their prowess. Abhimanyu fights Duryodhana, while Arjuna's son pierces Duryodhana with shafts. Aswatthaman strikes Satyaki, who retaliates with nine shafts. Dhrishtaketu and Paurava engage in a fierce duel, piercing each other with arrows. Chitrasena and Susarman exchange blows, while Subhadra's son fights Vrihadvala. Bhimasena wreaks havoc on the elephant division, and Yudhishthira battles the ruler of the Madras. Drona and Dhrishtadyumna engage in a fierce duel, with Drona cutting off the latter's bow. Arjuna rushes towards Bhishma, placing Sikhandin ahead, and the two engage in a fierce battle. Bhishma's bow and arrows are like a raging fire, consuming all in his path. He fells many car-warriors and steeds, causing chaos on the battlefield. The scene is one of intense fighting, with many warriors displaying their prowess. Bhishma's skill and valor are on full display, as he takes on the Pandava warriors. The battle is fierce and intense, with no clear victor in sight.
118 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. Sikhandin strikes Bhishma with arrows, but Bhishma, remembering Sikhandin's femininity, does not retaliate. Arjuna urges Sikhandin to slay Bhishma, but Bhishma's prowess is unmatched. Dussasana battles Arjuna, but is eventually slain. The Kaurava troops flee, and Bhishma protects them. Arjuna's celestial weapons create thousands of arrows, consuming the Kaurava army. The earth is covered with retreating troops, and Arjuna's Gandiva shines brightly. Dussasana's steeds and charioteer are slain, and he is pierced with arrows. Other Kaurava warriors, including Kripa and Salya, are deprived of their cars and flee. Arjuna's arrows scatter the Kaurava army, and a river of blood flows on the battlefield. The field is strewn with slain warriors, and the bodies of elephants, steeds, and car-warriors lie broken. The sight is beautiful, like a red cloud in the autumnal sky, but also frightful, with dogs, crows, and vultures howling and feeding on the dead. Bhishma invokes a celestial weapon, but withdraws it when Sikhandin rushes at him. Arjuna continues to slaughter the Kaurava troops, confounding Bhishma.
119 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas. The combatants fight indiscriminately, with no distinction between classes of warriors. Bhishma, Salya, Kripa, and Dussasana lead the Kaurava army, while the Pandavas fight back with all their might. The battlefield is strewn with the bodies of warriors, elephants, and horses. Bhishma, remembering his instruction in weapons from Rama, fights valiantly, slaying ten thousand warriors and elephants. He also slays Satanika, Virata's brother, and many other Pandava warriors. Arjuna, urged by Krishna, attacks Bhishma with a shower of arrows, but Bhishma pierces through them with his own arrowy showers. The Pandava warriors, including Sikhandin, Satyaki, and Dhrishtadyumna, rush against Bhishma but are unable to defeat him. Bhishma, remembering Sikhandin's femininity, does not aim a single arrow at him. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The text describes the intensity of the battle, with warriors fighting indiscriminately and the battlefield strewn with bodies. Bhishma's prowess is highlighted, as he single-handedly slays thousands of warriors and elephants. The Pandava warriors, led by Arjuna, Satyaki, and Sikhandin, fight back valiantly but are unable to defeat Bhishma. The battle is compared to the ancient battle between the gods and the Asuras, indicating its epic scale and intensity.
120 Sanjaya describes the intense battle between the Pandavas and Kauravas, with Bhishma fighting valiantly despite being pierced by many arrows. Arjuna, with Sikhandin's help, cuts off Bhishma's bows and pierces him with numerous arrows. Bhishma, remembering his boon that his death will depend on his own wish, decides to hold on to life until the sun reaches the northern solstice. The celestials and Rishis, including Ganga, appear to Bhishma in swan-like forms, curious about his decision to delay his death. Bhishma affirms his resolve, and the Rishis depart. When Bhishma falls, the Pandavas and Srinjayas rejoice, while the Kauravas are grief-stricken and unable to proceed with the battle. Bhishma, lying on his bed of arrows, remains calm and expectant of his chosen hour of death. The battle rages on, with both sides suffering heavy losses. Bhishma's prowess is unmatched, and his determination to fight despite his injuries is admirable. Arjuna and Sikhandin's strategy to target Bhishma is clever, and their bravery in the face of danger is commendable. The appearance of the celestials and Rishis adds a divine element to the battle, highlighting the significance of Bhishma's character and his role in the war. The contrast between the two armies' reactions to Bhishma's fall showcases the respect and admiration he commands from both sides. The scene is set for a dramatic and intense continuation of the battle, with Bhishma's impending death looming large over the proceedings.
121 Dhritarashtra lamented the fall of Bhishma, who had been a Brahmacharin for his father's sake. He regarded the Kurus as slain when Bhishma did not strike Sikhandin. Dhritarashtra was sorrowful, yet his heart did not break. Sanjaya described Bhishma's fall, which saddened the Dhartarashtras and delighted the Panchalas. Bhishma lay on his bed of arrows, and his standard was overthrown. Both armies were cheerless, and the welkin was gloomy. The Earth seemed to shriek when Bhishma was slain. Creatures praised Bhishma, who had resolved to draw up his vital steed when his father was afflicted by Kama. When Bhishma fell, the Kurus were grief-stricken, and the Pandavas blew their conchs in joy. Bhimasena sported in glee, having slain many warriors. The Kurus were in shame, and the Pandavas stood at the head of their ranks. When Bhishma fell, cries of sorrow were heard, and the Kuru army was in confusion. Dussasana informed Drona of Bhishma's slaughter, and Drona fell down from his car. The Kuru army desisted from battle, and the Pandavas also ceased fighting. Thousands of warriors proceeded towards Bhishma, who addressed them with his head hanging down.
122 Sanjaya said, Arjuna stringing his bow, reverentially saluted Bhishma and asked for his command. Bhishma said his head hung down and asked for a pillow. Arjuna, with tears in his eyes, supported Bhishma's head with three shafts. Bhishma was gratified and applauded Arjuna, saying he had given him a bed that became him. Bhishma told the kings that he would sleep on his bed of arrows until the Sun turned to the northern solstice. He asked them to dig a ditch around his quarters and said he would pay his adorations to the Sun. The kings came to him, and surgeons were brought to treat him, but Bhishma refused, saying he had won the highest state ordained in Kshatriya observances. The kings were filled with wonder at his constancy in virtue. The Pandavas and Kauravas, united in their grief, approached Bhishma and reverentially saluted him. Krishna then approached the Pandavas and said that by good luck, they had achieved victory and Bhishma had been overthrown. Yudhishthira replied that victory was due to Krishna's grace and wrath.
123 After the night passed, the kings, Pandavas, and Dhartarashtras, repaired to Bhishma, who lay on a hero's bed. Thousands of maidens showered sandalwood powder and fried paddy over him. Women, old men, and children approached him like creatures beholding the Sun. Trumpets, actors, and mechanics came to the aged Kuru grandsire. The Kurus and Pandavas, united, came to Devavrata, that chastiser of foes. Bhishma, suppressing his agonies, asked for water. The Kshatriyas brought viands and cold water, but Bhishma refused, saying he was removed from humanity and lay on a bed of arrows. He asked to see Arjuna, who came and offered respectful salutations. Bhishma asked Arjuna to give him water, and Arjuna, mounting his car, pierced the Earth with a blazing arrow, creating a jet of cool water that quenched Bhishma's thirst. The kings were filled with wonder, and Duryodhana trembled like an afflicted kine. Bhishma applauded Arjuna, saying that even Narada spoke of him as an ancient Rishi. He advised Duryodhana to abandon wrath and make peace with the Pandavas.
124 Sanjaya said, after Bhishma became silent, the rulers returned to their quarters. Karna, hearing of Bhishma's slaughter, came quickly and fell at his feet, saying, "I am Radha's son, whom you always hated." Bhishma, with voice choked in tears, embraced Karna and said, "Come, thou art an opponent who challengest comparison with me! I bear thee no malice. I spoke harsh words to abate thy energy." Bhishma revealed that Karna was Kunti's son, not Radha's, and praised his prowess, courage, and attachment to alms-giving. He asked Karna to unite with the Pandavas, but Karna refused, saying he couldn't falsify his loyalty to Duryodhana. Bhishma permitted Karna to fight, advising him to serve the king without anger or vindictiveness. Karna saluted Bhishma, obtained his forgiveness, and proceeded to Duryodhana's quarters.